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| | Initial infection occurs near base of plants from either soilborne sclerotia or infested residue. Outer leaf sheath of infected culms develop light brown elliptical shaped lesions surrounded by a thin, dark, necrotic border, and often resemble strawbreaker foot rot lesions. Severely infected seedlings may die, but most infected plants survive to maturity. Surviving plants ripen prematurely and often exhibit white heads bearing shriveled kernels. Lodging of infected plants occurs from the second or third internode. Oats, barley and rye are alternative hosts. |
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|  | Kephart KD (1993) Winter wheat disease management Insect and plant disease management handbook. |
| | (1987) Compendium of wheat diseases. |
| | (1982) Compendium of barley diseases. |
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