Minnesota
Barley Rusts in the United States in
2007
D.L.
Long1, Y. Jin,1, M.E. Hughes1, J A. Kolmer, L.A. Wanschura1 and B.J.
Steffenson2.
1Cereal
Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS and 2Department of Plant Pathology,
University of Minnesota
Barley Stem Rust. In mid-July, the first
report of barley stem rust in 2007 was from plots of the 2-row susceptible
variety Hypana in south central and west central Minnesota. Stem rust was also found in a plot of six-row
barley in east central South Dakota.
Race QFCS was identified from samples collected in Minnesota and South
Dakota. Low levels of
barley stem rust were found in the nursery at Sidney, in east central Montana
in mid-July.
In September,
severe stem rust infections were observed in a spring barley field in Arden,
Washington (Stevens County) planted with the cultivar Radiant. Yield loss in this field was estimated to be
greater than 60%. Moderate to severe
stem rust infections were also observed in a field in Whitman County,
Washington. A number of races were
identified from these samples, including many isolates that do not infect
wheat. The race diversity observed from
these samples strongly suggests that the stem rust inoculum that resulted in
these field infections in eastern Washington originated from an alternate
host.
Barley Leaf Rust.
In mid-March, low levels of leaf rust were reported on an Idaho barley
line at the Castroville, Texas nursery.
In
mid-June, low levels of barley leaf rust were found in plots in east central
and southwestern Minnesota. In
mid July, low levels of barley leaf rust were found in plots in northeast South
Dakota and southwest Minnesota. Barley leaf rust was at low levels in
northern North Dakota in late July.
In late April, barley leaf rust was
observed on head rows in a Lenoir County, North Carolina nursery. In early May, low levels of barley leaf rust
were found in Blacksburg, Virginia nursery plots. In mid-May, in Warsaw and Blackstone,
Virginia, nursery plots had severity levels of 80%. The barley leaf rust occurred earlier and was
more severe than in recent years, indicating the rust likely overwintered in
these nursery plots.
Barley leaf rust levels were severe in
northwestern Washington plots in early June, but
were not observed in fields in Idaho, Oregon and Washington.
Stripe Rust on Barley. In late June, stripe rust on barley was found
on experimental lines at the Fort Collins, Colorado experiment station. This was the first barley stripe rust seen at
this location in the last 8 years. Barley
stripe rust was generally at very low levels.
By the third week in April, susceptible
entries in winter barley nurseries at Mount Vernon in northwestern Washington
had 60% levels of stripe rust infection.
In early June, plots in northwestern Washington had high levels of
barley stripe rust while none was found in eastern Washington fields and
nurseries. In late June, stripe rust on barley was light in the nurseries near
Pullman, Washington.
By early May, barley stripe rust had
reached high levels on susceptible entries in a stripe rust screening nursery
at UC-Davis, but no infections were detected in the commercial crop. The infections were first detected on April
17.
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Table 1. Estimated losses in barley due to
rusts in 2007 in U.S. |
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Losses due
to: |
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|
1,000 |
Yields in |
Production |
Stem Rust |
|
Leaf Rust |
|
Stripe Rust |
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|
|
acres |
bushels |
in 1,000 |
|
1,000 |
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
1,000 |
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|
State |
harvest |
per acre |
of bushels |
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
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|
AZ |
33 |
115.0 |
3,795 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
||||||||
|
CA |
40 |
60.0 |
2,400 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
CO |
58 |
125.0 |
7,250 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
*T |
T |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
DE |
19 |
78.0 |
1,482 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
ID |
550 |
80.0 |
44,000 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
T |
T |
||||||||
|
KS |
13 |
48.0 |
624 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
KY |
3 |
35.0 |
105 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
ME |
17 |
70.0 |
1,190 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
MD |
34 |
84.0 |
2,856 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
MI |
13 |
56.0 |
728 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
MN |
110 |
56.0 |
6,160 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
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|
MT |
720 |
44.0 |
31,680 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
NE |
1 |
90.0 |
90 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
NJ |
2 |
68.0 |
136 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
NY |
11 |
46.0 |
506 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
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|
NC |
14 |
53.0 |
742 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
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|
ND |
1,390 |
56.0 |
77,840 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
OH |
3 |
50.0 |
150 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
OR |
53 |
47.0 |
2,491 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
PA |
42 |
73.0 |
3,066 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
SD |
29 |
40.0 |
1,160 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
UT |
22 |
78.0 |
1,716 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
VA |
30 |
71.0 |
2,130 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
WA |
225 |
60.0 |
13,500 |
T |
T |
|
T |
T |
|
0.1 |
13.5 |
||||||||
|
WI |
23 |
57.0 |
1,311 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
WY |
53 |
89.0 |
4,717 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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|
Total from Above |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
3,508 |
60.4 |
211,825 |
|
T |
|
|
T |
|
|
13.5 |
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|
U.S. % Loss |
|
|
T |
|
|
T |
|
|
0.01 |
|
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U.S. Total |
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|
3,508 |
60.4 |
211,825 |
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*T = Trace |
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