A Database for Triticeae and Avena
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR WHEAT - EMBRAPA
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, BR 285, Km 174, Caixa Postal 451, 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
P.L. Scheeren, E. Caierão, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.
The wheat cultivar BRS Guamirim was developed by Embrapa and released in 2006 for southern Brazil. BRS Guamirim resulted from a cross between 'Embrapa 27 / Buck NanduÕ\' and PF 93159. BRS Guamirim has an early cycle, short stature, and high tillering. This cultivar has similar behavior to many wheat diseases and a resistant reaction to P. triticina races B27, B29, B32, B33, B35, B38, B39, B40, B41, B43, B44, B45, B48, B49, B51, and B52. BRS Guamirim belongs to the bread class and is adapted to different wheat regions, showing production stability. The grain yield potential is higher than 5 t/ha.
E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.
According grain yield, BRS Camboat‡ performed best in colder and higher regions, independent of the state in which it was grown. The vegetative cycle of BRS Camboatá lasts 83 days; a total of 137 days to maturity. The plant type is medium short, with a mean of 85 cm, and has good lodging resistance, which is a fundamental trait for raising yield potential. BRS Camboatá was classified as moderately resistant to shattering and moderately susceptible to preharvest sprouting. Frosts during the vegetative phase did little harm to the cultivar. The reaction of BRS Camboatá to the main wheat diseases includes resistance to powdery mildew and WSMV, moderate resistance to leaf rust, and moderate susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and to other blotch diseases (D. tritici repentis, St. nodorum, and B. sorokiniana). BRS Camboatá had burnt leaf tips, a trait which is directly associated to adult-plant resistance to leaf rust. However, new evaluations are needed to confirm this fact. BRS Camboatá has erect leaves, predominantly colorless auricles, fusiform spikes, and long, red grains. Preliminarily, the cultivar is classified as a soft wheat cultivar in Rio Grande do Sul, with a mean gluten strength of 192 x 10-4 J and, in Paraná, as a bread wheat cultivar, with mean of W value of 222 x 10-4 J. According to the glutenin content, BRS Camboatá has the subunits n, 2+12, and 7+8. The grain is hard. Experimental data obtained from Brabender Mill showed a flow extraction of 41 to 54%. The mean of falling number was 367 seconds, with a variation from 218 to 514.
E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.
BRS Timbaúva belongs to the bioclimatic group of spring wheat. With a mean plant height of approximately 97 cm, BRS Timbaúva is classified as a tall cultivar by the current standards; nevertheless, it is moderately resistant to lodging. The use of growth reducers is an interesting practice in the management of this genotype, mainly nitrogen in higher quantities in a topdressing, if there is an interest in a greater investment. The mean vegetative cycle (from emergence until ripening) is approximately 87 days; days-to-maturation vary from 141-146, according to the region of cultivation and climatic conditions. The cultivar is moderately resistant to shattering and moderately susceptible to preharvest sprouting and frost during the vegetative phase of crop development. BRS Timbaúva is tolerant to acid soil toxicity. BRS Timbaúva is moderately resistant to St. nodorum glume blotch, Fusarium head blight, and WSMV; moderately susceptible to leaf rust; and susceptible to leaf spot caused by D. tritici repentis and B. sorokiniana. We do not have consistent information about resistance to stem rust, Magnaporthe head blast, or BYDV. BRS Timbaúva was preliminarily classified as soft wheat. In alveograph tests, it had a mean value of 157 x 10-4 J, with a variation between 91 and 249 10-4 J. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits 1, 2+12, and 7+9 are present. The tenacity/extensibility of gluten (P/L ratio) is a mean of 1.25. BRS Timbaúva is useful for the manufacture of crackers, cookies, doughs of the homemade type, and, in blends with bread wheat, can be used for bread baking and domestic use.
E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.
Brazilian wheat consumption is about 10 x 106 t/year and, according to forecast of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA, 2006), will increase 20-30% by the year 2016. The variability in wheat-growing area, production, and grain yield across years is a result of the unstable climate of southern Brazil and variable support policies (Table 1).
Crop year | Brazil | Rio Grande do Sul | Paraná | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | Production | GY | Area | Production | GY | Area | Production | GY | |
1976-1977 | 3,153 |
2,066 |
655 |
1,398 |
1,257 |
899 |
1,524 |
690 |
453 |
1977-1978 | 2,811 |
2,680 |
953 |
1,345 |
1,042 |
775 |
1,244 |
1,510 |
1,214 |
1978-1979 | 3,898 |
2,861 |
734 |
1,577 |
1,615 |
1,024 |
1,980 |
965 |
487 |
1979-1980 | 3,105 |
2,729 |
879 |
1,456 |
1,380 |
948 |
1,335 |
1,050 |
787 |
1980-1981 | 2,114 |
2,217 |
1,049 |
945 |
915 |
968 |
906 |
1,075 |
1,187 |
1981-1982 | 2,879 |
1,876 |
652 |
1,220 |
1,049 |
860 |
1,313 |
552 |
420 |
1982-1983 | 1,932 |
2,191 |
1,134 |
903 |
1,056 |
1,169 |
722 |
752 |
1,042 |
1983-1984 | 2,013 |
2,029 |
1,008 |
920 |
1,144 |
1,243 |
766 |
634 |
828 |
1984-1985 | 2,614 |
4,324 |
1,654 |
1,280 |
2,679 |
2,093 |
950 |
982 |
1,034 |
1985-1986 | 3,909 |
5,633 |
1,441 |
1,945 |
2,898 |
1,490 |
1,188 |
1,801 |
1,516 |
1986-1987 | 3,430 |
6,127 |
1,786 |
1,710 |
3,297 |
1,928 |
983 |
1,750 |
1,780 |
1987-1988 | 3,490 |
5,847 |
1,675 |
1,800 |
3,177 |
1,765 |
1,030 |
1,627 |
1,580 |
1988-1989 | 3,307 |
5,478 |
1,657 |
1,900 |
3,100 |
1,632 |
750 |
1,425 |
1,900 |
1989-1990 | 3,283 |
3,304 |
1,006 |
1,805 |
1,462 |
810 |
959 |
1,304 |
1,360 |
1990-1991 | 2,146 |
3,078 |
1,434 |
1,191 |
1,847 |
1,550 |
659 |
811 |
1,230 |
1991-1992 | 1,998 |
2,739 |
1,371 |
1,253 |
1,454 |
1,160 |
461 |
945 |
2,050 |
1992-1993 | 1,642 |
2,052 |
1,250 |
930 |
967 |
1,040 |
531 |
844 |
1,590 |
1993-1994 | 1,446 |
2,138 |
1,478 |
730 |
1,088 |
1,490 |
543 |
826 |
1,520 |
1994-1995 | 1,034 |
1,524 |
1,474 |
635 |
1,048 |
1,650 |
300 |
330 |
1,100 |
1995-1996 | 1,833 |
3,198 |
1,745 |
1,111 |
1,956 |
1,760 |
570 |
992 |
1,740 |
1996-1997 | 1,501 |
2,407 |
1,604 |
922 |
1,651 |
1,790 |
485 |
611 |
1,260 |
1997-1998 | 1,373 |
2,188 |
1,593 |
900 |
1,494 |
1,660 |
392 |
555 |
1,415 |
1998-1999 | 1,252 |
2,403 |
1,919 |
765 |
1,522 |
1,990 |
387 |
696 |
1,800 |
1999-2000 | 1,468 |
1,658 |
1,130 |
780 |
575 |
737 |
557 |
891 |
1,600 |
2000-2001 | 1,710 |
3,194 |
1,868 |
964 |
1,913 |
1,985 |
602 |
1,023 |
1,700 |
2001-2002 | 2,052 |
2,914 |
1,420 |
1,055 |
1,509 |
1,430 |
790 |
1,106 |
1,400 |
2002-2003 | 2,464 |
5,851 |
2,375 |
1,182 |
2,954 |
2,500 |
1,043 |
2,346 |
2,250 |
2003-2004 | 2,464 |
5,851 |
2,375 |
1,182 |
2,954 |
2,500 |
1,043 |
2,346 |
2,250 |
2004-2005 | 2,756 |
5,846 |
2,121 |
1,351 |
3,039 |
2,250 |
1,098 |
2,130 |
1,940 |
2005-2006 1 | 2,362 |
4,873 |
2,063 |
1,276 |
2,802 |
2,195 |
846 |
1,564 |
1,850 |
2006-2007 2 | 1,758 |
2,234 |
1,271 |
881 |
1,127 |
1,280 |
693 |
728 |
1,050 |
Leo Del Duca (Former Embrapa Trigo wheat breeder) and Eliana M. Guarienti (Embrapa Trigo researcher).
CONAB (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento: National Company of Provisioning) has projected the Brazilian wheat production for the 2006-07 growing season to be 2.2 x 106 tons (Table 2). The cultivated area was of 1.76 x 106 hectares, 25.6% lower than the 2005-06 growing season. Such a reduction was stimulated by lower wheat prices. Adverse climatic conditions prevailed at the time of the sowing (drought) and flowering (frosts) in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, the two main Brazilian wheat-producing states. As a result, grain yield dropped to 1,271 kg/ha, lower than that of the 2005-06 crop at 54.2% (2.64 x 106 tons) (http://www.conab.gov.br/conabweb/download/indicadores/pubindicadores.pdf).
Recently, a significant increase in the domestic price of important agricultural product such as wheat has been observed. The frustration observed in Australia, combined with the 2006 Brazilian crop, resulted in increased domestic prices. Therefore, a significant increase in the wheat-production area should be expected in the next agricultural year (beginning in April), due to the recovery of prices. Another factor that should act positively for increase the wheat area is the cost (http://www.ipea.gov.br/sites/000/2/boletim_conjuntura/boletim75/Bc75j_conj_Agr’cola.pdf).
State | Production (1,000 t) | Grain yield (kg/ha) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2005-06 | 2006-07 | 2005-06 | 2006-07 | |
Paraná | 2,801.5 | 1,127.2 | 2,195 | 1,280 |
Santa Catarina | 114.9 | 126.8 | 1,915 | 2,100 |
Rio Grande do Sul | 1,564.2 | 728.0 | 1,850 | 1,050 |
Total for southern Brazil | 4,480.6 | 1,982.0 | 2,054 | 1,213 |
Minas Gerais | 63.7 | 56.3 | 4,360 | 4,500 |
São Paulo | 132.1 | 81.1 | 2,350 | 1,658 |
Total for southeastern Brazil | 195.8 | 137.4 | 2,766 | 2,238 |
Maro Grosso | 1.7 | – | 3,300 | – |
Mato Grosso do Sul |
135.2 |
62.1 |
1,420 |
1,230 |
Goiás | 51.2 | 46.2 | 4,300 | 4,576 |
Distrito Federal | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5,500 | 5,000 |
Total for west central Brazil | 194.2 | 114.3 | 1,787 | 1,850 |
Bahia |
2.5 |
– |
5,000 |
– |
Total for northeast Brazil |
2.5 |
– |
5,000 |
– |
Total for all Brazil | 4,873.1 | 2,233.7 | 2,063 | 1,271 |
Leo Del Duca (Former Embrapa Trigo wheat breeder) and Eliana M. Guarienti (Embrapa Trigo researcher).
The wheat-producing area in Brazil covers a large number of growing conditions the different states, such as rainfed or irrigated fields, presence or absence of aluminum toxicity in the soil, and high or low soil fertility level. The states of Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) are responsible for most Brazilian wheat production. The ten most important wheat cultivars of these two states are listed in Table 3. Additional information regarding the cross that originated the genotype and its industrial quality classification also is presented.
Considering the sum of the two states, the cultivars Ônix, CD 104, BRS 194, BRS 179, and BRS 208 were the five most widely seeded Brazilian wheat cultivars in the 2004-05 season.
State | Cultivar | Cross | Quality | Available seed | % for state |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RS |
Ônix | CEP 24/RUBI SIB | bread |
25,503.74 |
20.72 |
BRS 194 | CEP 14/BR 23//CEP 17 | bread |
13,033.50 |
10.59 |
|
BRS 179 | BR 35/PF 8596/3/PF 772003*2/PF 813//PF 83899 | soft |
10,966.60 |
8.91 |
|
FUNDACEP 30 | BR 32/CEP 21//CIANO 79 | soft |
8,327.27 |
6.76 |
|
BRS ANGICO | PF 87107/2*IAC 13 | soft |
6,841.96 |
5.56 |
|
PAMPEANO | ORL 91274/ORL 93807//ORL 95711 SIB | soft |
6,611.52 |
5.37 |
|
CD 105 | PFAU SIB/2*OCEPAR 14//IAPAR 41 | soft |
4,172.62 |
3.39 |
|
JASPE | ORL 91308/ RUBI SIB | bread |
3,826.68 |
3.11 |
|
ALCOVER | OCEPAR 16/EMBRAPA 27//OCEPAR 16 | bread |
3,577.32 |
2.91 |
|
BRS LOURO | PF 86911/BR 23 | soft |
3,382.06 |
2.75 |
|
PR |
CD 104 | PFAU SIB/IAPAR 17 | strong |
27,470.60 |
36.56 |
BRS 208 | CPAC 89118/3/BR 23//CEP 19/PF 85490 | bread |
8,878.52 |
11.82 |
|
IPR 85 | IAPAR 30/BR 18 | strong |
7,227.10 |
9.62 |
|
Ônix | CEP 24/RUBI SIB | bread |
4,207.11 |
5.60 |
|
IAPAR 78 | VEERY SIB/BOBWHITE SIB | bread |
4,111.73 |
5.47 |
|
CD 105 | PFAU SIB/2*OCEPAR 14//IAPAR 41 | soft |
3,936.47 |
5.24 |
|
BRS 210 | CPAC 89118/3/BR 23//CEP 19/PF 85490 | strong |
3,038.68 |
4.04 |
|
BRS 220 | EMBRAPA 16/TB | bread |
2,377.06 |
3.16 |
|
ALCOVER | OCEPAR 16/EMBRAPA 27//OCEPAR 16 | bread |
2,016.97 |
2.68 |
|
OR 1 | EMBRAPA 27/BAGULA SIB | bread |
1,345.17 |
1.79 |