Items from Brazil.

ITEMS FROM BRAZIL

 

NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR WHEAT - EMBRAPA

Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, BR 285, Km 174, Caixa Postal 451, 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

 

BRS Guamirim, a bread wheat cultivar with an early cycle and short stature. [p. 15]

P.L. Scheeren, E. Caierão, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.

The wheat cultivar BRS Guamirim was developed by Embrapa and released in 2006 for southern Brazil. BRS Guamirim resulted from a cross between 'Embrapa 27 / Buck NanduÕ\' and PF 93159. BRS Guamirim has an early cycle, short stature, and high tillering. This cultivar has similar behavior to many wheat diseases and a resistant reaction to P. triticina races B27, B29, B32, B33, B35, B38, B39, B40, B41, B43, B44, B45, B48, B49, B51, and B52. BRS Guamirim belongs to the bread class and is adapted to different wheat regions, showing production stability. The grain yield potential is higher than 5 t/ha.


New wheat cultivar BRS Camboatá. [p. 15]

E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.

According grain yield, BRS Camboat‡ performed best in colder and higher regions, independent of the state in which it was grown. The vegetative cycle of BRS Camboatá lasts 83 days; a total of 137 days to maturity. The plant type is medium short, with a mean of 85 cm, and has good lodging resistance, which is a fundamental trait for raising yield potential. BRS Camboatá was classified as moderately resistant to shattering and moderately susceptible to preharvest sprouting. Frosts during the vegetative phase did little harm to the cultivar. The reaction of BRS Camboatá to the main wheat diseases includes resistance to powdery mildew and WSMV, moderate resistance to leaf rust, and moderate susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and to other blotch diseases (D. tritici repentis, St. nodorum, and B. sorokiniana). BRS Camboatá had burnt leaf tips, a trait which is directly associated to adult-plant resistance to leaf rust. However, new evaluations are needed to confirm this fact. BRS Camboatá has erect leaves, predominantly colorless auricles, fusiform spikes, and long, red grains. Preliminarily, the cultivar is classified as a soft wheat cultivar in Rio Grande do Sul, with a mean gluten strength of 192 x 10-4 J and, in Paraná, as a bread wheat cultivar, with mean of W value of 222 x 10-4 J. According to the glutenin content, BRS Camboatá has the subunits n, 2+12, and 7+8. The grain is hard. Experimental data obtained from Brabender Mill showed a flow extraction of 41 to 54%. The mean of falling number was 367 seconds, with a variation from 218 to 514.


New wheat cultivar BRS Timbaúva. [p. 16-17]

E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.

BRS Timbaúva belongs to the bioclimatic group of spring wheat. With a mean plant height of approximately 97 cm, BRS Timbaúva is classified as a tall cultivar by the current standards; nevertheless, it is moderately resistant to lodging. The use of growth reducers is an interesting practice in the management of this genotype, mainly nitrogen in higher quantities in a topdressing, if there is an interest in a greater investment. The mean vegetative cycle (from emergence until ripening) is approximately 87 days; days-to-maturation vary from 141-146, according to the region of cultivation and climatic conditions. The cultivar is moderately resistant to shattering and moderately susceptible to preharvest sprouting and frost during the vegetative phase of crop development. BRS Timbaúva is tolerant to acid soil toxicity. BRS Timbaúva is moderately resistant to St. nodorum glume blotch, Fusarium head blight, and WSMV; moderately susceptible to leaf rust; and susceptible to leaf spot caused by D. tritici repentis and B. sorokiniana. We do not have consistent information about resistance to stem rust, Magnaporthe head blast, or BYDV. BRS Timbaúva was preliminarily classified as soft wheat. In alveograph tests, it had a mean value of 157 x 10-4 J, with a variation between 91 and 249 10-4 J. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits 1, 2+12, and 7+9 are present. The tenacity/extensibility of gluten (P/L ratio) is a mean of 1.25. BRS Timbaúva is useful for the manufacture of crackers, cookies, doughs of the homemade type, and, in blends with bread wheat, can be used for bread baking and domestic use.


An historical look at growing area, production, and grain yield in Brazil and the main wheat-producing states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. [p. 16-17]

E. Caierão, P.L. Scheeren, M. Sóe Silva, L.J.A. Del Duca, A. Nascimento Junior, A. Linhares, L. Eichelberger, M.Z. Miranda, E.M. Guarienti, L.M. Costamilan, M.I.P.M. Lima, M.S. Chaves, S.P. Brammer, A.L.V. Bonato, E.J. Iorczeski, J.R. Salvadori, and A.C.S. Albuquerque.

Brazilian wheat consumption is about 10 x 106 t/year and, according to forecast of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – MAPA, 2006), will increase 20-30% by the year 2016. The variability in wheat-growing area, production, and grain yield across years is a result of the unstable climate of southern Brazil and variable support policies (Table 1).

Table 1. Wheat production in Brazil according to growing area (1,000 ha), production (1,000 t), and grain yield (GY (kg/ha)) in the main wheat production states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná between 1976-77 and 2006-07. 1 Preliminary data; 2 Estimated data (CONAB, 2007).
Crop year Brazil Rio Grande do Sul Paraná
Area Production GY Area Production GY Area Production GY
1976-1977
3,153
2,066
655
1,398
1,257
899
1,524
690
453
1977-1978
2,811
2,680
953
1,345
1,042
775
1,244
1,510
1,214
1978-1979
3,898
2,861
734
1,577
1,615
1,024
1,980
965
487
1979-1980
3,105
2,729
879
1,456
1,380
948
1,335
1,050
787
1980-1981
2,114
2,217
1,049
945
915
968
906
1,075
1,187
1981-1982
2,879
1,876
652
1,220
1,049
860
1,313
552
420
1982-1983
1,932
2,191
1,134
903
1,056
1,169
722
752
1,042
1983-1984
2,013
2,029
1,008
920
1,144
1,243
766
634
828
1984-1985
2,614
4,324
1,654
1,280
2,679
2,093
950
982
1,034
1985-1986
3,909
5,633
1,441
1,945
2,898
1,490
1,188
1,801
1,516
1986-1987
3,430
6,127
1,786
1,710
3,297
1,928
983
1,750
1,780
1987-1988
3,490
5,847
1,675
1,800
3,177
1,765
1,030
1,627
1,580
1988-1989
3,307
5,478
1,657
1,900
3,100
1,632
750
1,425
1,900
1989-1990
3,283
3,304
1,006
1,805
1,462
810
959
1,304
1,360
1990-1991
2,146
3,078
1,434
1,191
1,847
1,550
659
811
1,230
1991-1992
1,998
2,739
1,371
1,253
1,454
1,160
461
945
2,050
1992-1993
1,642
2,052
1,250
930
967
1,040
531
844
1,590
1993-1994
1,446
2,138
1,478
730
1,088
1,490
543
826
1,520
1994-1995
1,034
1,524
1,474
635
1,048
1,650
300
330
1,100
1995-1996
1,833
3,198
1,745
1,111
1,956
1,760
570
992
1,740
1996-1997
1,501
2,407
1,604
922
1,651
1,790
485
611
1,260
1997-1998
1,373
2,188
1,593
900
1,494
1,660
392
555
1,415
1998-1999
1,252
2,403
1,919
765
1,522
1,990
387
696
1,800
1999-2000
1,468
1,658
1,130
780
575
737
557
891
1,600
2000-2001
1,710
3,194
1,868
964
1,913
1,985
602
1,023
1,700
2001-2002
2,052
2,914
1,420
1,055
1,509
1,430
790
1,106
1,400
2002-2003
2,464
5,851
2,375
1,182
2,954
2,500
1,043
2,346
2,250
2003-2004
2,464
5,851
2,375
1,182
2,954
2,500
1,043
2,346
2,250
2004-2005
2,756
5,846
2,121
1,351
3,039
2,250
1,098
2,130
1,940
2005-2006 1
2,362
4,873
2,063
1,276
2,802
2,195
846
1,564
1,850
2006-2007 2
1,758
2,234
1,271
881
1,127
1,280
693
728
1,050


Brazilian wheat production and grain yield – 2006 crop and perspectives. [p. 17-18]

Leo Del Duca (Former Embrapa Trigo wheat breeder) and Eliana M. Guarienti (Embrapa Trigo researcher).

CONAB (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento: National Company of Provisioning) has projected the Brazilian wheat production for the 2006-07 growing season to be 2.2 x 106 tons (Table 2). The cultivated area was of 1.76 x 106 hectares, 25.6% lower than the 2005-06 growing season. Such a reduction was stimulated by lower wheat prices. Adverse climatic conditions prevailed at the time of the sowing (drought) and flowering (frosts) in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, the two main Brazilian wheat-producing states. As a result, grain yield dropped to 1,271 kg/ha, lower than that of the 2005-06 crop at 54.2% (2.64 x 106 tons) (http://www.conab.gov.br/conabweb/download/indicadores/pubindicadores.pdf).

Recently, a significant increase in the domestic price of important agricultural product such as wheat has been observed. The frustration observed in Australia, combined with the 2006 Brazilian crop, resulted in increased domestic prices. Therefore, a significant increase in the wheat-production area should be expected in the next agricultural year (beginning in April), due to the recovery of prices. Another factor that should act positively for increase the wheat area is the cost (http://www.ipea.gov.br/sites/000/2/boletim_conjuntura/boletim75/Bc75j_conj_Agr’cola.pdf).

Table 2. Production and grain yield for the 2005-06 and 2006-07 growing seasons in Brazil (Source of data: CONAB (February 2007).
 State  Production (1,000 t)  Grain yield (kg/ha)
 2005-06  2006-07  2005-06  2006-07
 Paraná  2,801.5  1,127.2  2,195  1,280
 Santa Catarina  114.9  126.8  1,915  2,100
 Rio Grande do Sul  1,564.2  728.0  1,850  1,050
 Total for southern Brazil  4,480.6  1,982.0  2,054  1,213
 Minas Gerais  63.7  56.3  4,360  4,500
 São Paulo  132.1  81.1  2,350  1,658
 Total for southeastern Brazil  195.8  137.4  2,766  2,238
 Maro Grosso  1.7  –  3,300  –
 Mato Grosso do Sul

 135.2

62.1

 1,420

 1,230

 Goiás  51.2  46.2  4,300  4,576
 Distrito Federal  6.1  6.0  5,500  5,000
 Total for west central Brazil  194.2  114.3  1,787  1,850
 Bahia

 2.5

 5,000

– 
 Total for northeast Brazil

 2.5

 –

 5,000

 –
 Total for all Brazil  4,873.1  2,233.7  2,063  1,271

 

Main Brazilian wheat cultivars sown in the 2004-05 season. [p. 18]

Leo Del Duca (Former Embrapa Trigo wheat breeder) and Eliana M. Guarienti (Embrapa Trigo researcher).

The wheat-producing area in Brazil covers a large number of growing conditions the different states, such as rainfed or irrigated fields, presence or absence of aluminum toxicity in the soil, and high or low soil fertility level. The states of Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) are responsible for most Brazilian wheat production. The ten most important wheat cultivars of these two states are listed in Table 3. Additional information regarding the cross that originated the genotype and its industrial quality classification also is presented.

Considering the sum of the two states, the cultivars Ônix, CD 104, BRS 194, BRS 179, and BRS 208 were the five most widely seeded Brazilian wheat cultivars in the 2004-05 season.

Table 3. Seed availability of the most widely grown wheat cultivars in the two most important Brazilian wheat-producing states (Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Paraná (PR)) in 2004-05. Wheat industrial quality values are (W) from the alveograph method and the deformation energy of the dough, where soft (W >= 50 < 180), bread (W >= 180 < 300), and strong (W >= 300). Seed availability is expressed as tons available for the 2004-05 season. Percentage for each state is for the most used cultivars ranked by that state. Sources of seed availability data include Indicações Teecnicas da Comissão Sul-Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo, Trigo e Triticale - 2005 e 2006 and Informações Técnicas da Comiss‹o Centro-Sul Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo e Triticale para a safra de 2005 (Sistemas de Produção/Embrapa Soja, ISSN 1677-8499; n.7).
State Cultivar Cross Quality Available seed % for state
RS
Ônix CEP 24/RUBI SIB
bread
25,503.74
20.72
BRS 194 CEP 14/BR 23//CEP 17
bread
13,033.50
10.59
BRS 179 BR 35/PF 8596/3/PF 772003*2/PF 813//PF 83899
soft
10,966.60
8.91
FUNDACEP 30 BR 32/CEP 21//CIANO 79
soft
8,327.27
6.76
BRS ANGICO PF 87107/2*IAC 13
soft
6,841.96
5.56
PAMPEANO ORL 91274/ORL 93807//ORL 95711 SIB
soft
6,611.52
5.37
CD 105 PFAU SIB/2*OCEPAR 14//IAPAR 41
soft
4,172.62
3.39
JASPE ORL 91308/ RUBI SIB
bread
3,826.68
3.11
ALCOVER OCEPAR 16/EMBRAPA 27//OCEPAR 16
bread
3,577.32
2.91
BRS LOURO PF 86911/BR 23
soft
3,382.06
2.75
PR
CD 104 PFAU SIB/IAPAR 17
strong
27,470.60
36.56
BRS 208 CPAC 89118/3/BR 23//CEP 19/PF 85490
bread
8,878.52
11.82
IPR 85 IAPAR 30/BR 18
strong
7,227.10
9.62
Ônix CEP 24/RUBI SIB
bread
4,207.11
5.60
IAPAR 78 VEERY SIB/BOBWHITE SIB
bread
4,111.73
5.47
CD 105 PFAU SIB/2*OCEPAR 14//IAPAR 41
soft
3,936.47
5.24
BRS 210 CPAC 89118/3/BR 23//CEP 19/PF 85490
strong
3,038.68
4.04
BRS 220 EMBRAPA 16/TB
bread
2,377.06
3.16
ALCOVER OCEPAR 16/EMBRAPA 27//OCEPAR 16
bread
2,016.97
2.68
OR 1 EMBRAPA 27/BAGULA SIB
bread
1,345.17
1.79