Fig. 5. The influence of cyclosporin A (CsA), Ca²⁺ ions, and palmitic acid on the swelling under deënergized conditions of mitochondria from control (a), cold stressed (-4°C, 1 h) with subsequent oxidative stress (0.5 mM H₂O₂, 4 h) (b), and cold hardened (4°C, 7 days) with subsequent oxidative stress (0.5 mM H₂O₂, 4 h) winter wheat shoots. Experiments were run at 26°C in isotonic KCl-based swelling buffer, pH 7.4. The difference in optical density (OD) was calculated by formula: dOD = (OD_t0 ­ OD_t1)*100, where OD_t0 is the initial optical density and OD_t1 is the optical density after 5 min of incubation (M±SD, n=3­4).