New and Revised Barley Genetic Stock Descriptions

BGS 38, Seminudoides 1, smn1

Stock number: BGS 38

Locus name: Seminudoides 1

Locus symbol: smn1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Seminuoides = smn (3, 4).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (3, 4).

Located in chromosome 7HS [1S], based on linkage drag with the ant1 (anthocyanin-less 1) locus (2).

Description:

The caryopsis of smn1 plants is not completely covered because gaps develop between the margins of the lemma and palea. Adherence of the lemma and the palea to the pericarp is poor, but the grain does not thresh free from the hull at maturity. Tiller number and grain yield are often reduced (1, 4).

Origin of mutant:

An X-ray induced mutant in Haisa (PI 197617) (3, 4).

Mutational events:

smn1.a in Haisa (Mut. 4128) (4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

smn1.a in Haisa (Mut. 4128, GSHO 1602); smn1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*4.

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

3. Scholz, F. 1956. Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. V. Die Vererbung zweier sich variabel manifestierender Übergangsmerkmale von bespelzter zu nackter Gerste bei röntgeninduzierten Mutanten. Kulturpflanze 4:228-246.

4. Scholz, F., and O. Lehmann. 1958. Die Gaterslebener Mutanten der Saatgerste in Beziehung zur Formenmannigfaltigkeit der Art Hordeum vulgare L.s.l.I. Kulturpflanze 6:123-166.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 2002. BGN 32:78.

BGS 39, Midseason stripe 2, mss2

Stock number: BGS 39

Locus name: Midseason stripe 2

Locus symbol: mss2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2).

Located in chromosome 7HS [1S], based on linkage drag with the Lga (Long glume awn) and dsp1 (dense spike 1) loci (2, 3).

Description:

A variable number of broad, white stripes develop in tillers during the joining stage. Leaves and spikes show white sectors which persist until maturity. Expression of mss2 is temperature dependent with few or no stripes developing in cool environments and numerous white stripes in warm environments. When numerous stripes develop, spike length, and plant vigor are reduced (1).

Origin of mutant:

A spontaneous mutant in breeding line ND11258 (Bowman*2/ND7556) (1).

Mutational events:

mss2.b in ND11258 (2).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

mss2.b in ND11258 (GSHO 2409); mss2.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2148).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

3. Kleinhofs, A. 1999. Coordinator=s report: Integrating barley molecular and morphological/physiological marker maps. BGN 29:58-59.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:79.

BGS 40, Premature ripe 1, prm1

Stock number: BGS 40

Locus name: Premature ripe 1

Locus symbol: pmr1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Premature ripe = pmr (3).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2).

Located in chromosome 7HS [1S], based on linkage drag with the Lga (long glume awn) locus (3), near the centromere (5, 6).

Description:

The prm1 gene induces plants to start dying about two weeks after heading. Seedlings are slightly pale green in color and plants are shorter than normal sibs. The lighter shade of green persists until senescence of the plants begins. Premature dying is associated with rapid collapse of the straw and very thin grain (2).

Origin of mutant:

A sodium azide induced mutant in Glenn (CIho 15769) (1).

Mutational events:

pmr1.a in Glenn (DWS1069) (4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

pmr1.a in Glenn (GSHO 2429), pmr1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7.

References:

1. Faue, A.C. 1987. Chemical mutagenesis as a breeding tool for barley. M.S. Thesis. North Dakota State Univ., Fargo.

2. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

4. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

5. Kleinhofs, A. 1997. Integrating barley RFLP and classical marker maps. BGN 27:105-112.

6. Kudrna, D., A. Kleinhofs, A. Kilian, and J. Soule. 1996. Integrating visual markers with the Steptoe x Morex RFLP map. Vol. 1. p. 343. In A.E. Slinkard, G.J. Scoles, and B.G. Rossnagel (eds.). Barley Genetics VII. Proc. Fifth Int. Oat Conf. & Seventh Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Saskatoon. Univ. Ext. Press, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:80.

BGS 41, Brachytic 7, brh7

Stock number: BGS 41

Locus name: Brachytic 7

Locus symbol: brh7

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Brachytic-w = brh.w (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2, 4).

Located in chromosome 7HS [1S], based on linkage drag with the ant1 (anthocyanin-less 1) locus (3).

Description:

Plants are 3/4 to 5/6 of normal height and awns are about 3/4 of normal length. The seedling leaf of brh7 plants is short and wide and leaf blades are wider than those of normal sibs.. Grain from brh7 plants seem plumper and more globose shaped than those from normal sibs (1).

Origin of mutant:

An induced mutant in Volla (PI 280423) (5).

Mutational events:

brh7.w in Volla (7101, DWS1211) (4, 5).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

brh7.w in Volla (GSHO 1687); brh7.w in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 1943).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. The brachytic class of semidwarf mutants in barley. BGN 24:56-59.

3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

4. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

5. Gaul, H. 1986. (Personal communications).

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:81.

BGS 42, Pyramidatum 1, Pyr1

Stock number: BGS 42

Locus name: Pyramidatum 1

Locus symbol: Pyr1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Pyramidatum g = Pyr.g (3).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (2).

Located in chromosome 7HS [1S], based on linkage drag with the ant1 (anthocyanin-less 1) locus (2).

Description:

Spikes are about 2/3 of normal length and have rachis internode length values of about 2.5 mm. Plants homozygous for Pyr1.g have pyramid-shaped spikes because lower rachis internodes shorter than upper ones. Spikes of heterozygous are parallel or strap-shaped. Plants homozygous for Pyr1.a are slightly shorter and have stiffer straw (2). Hayes and Harlan (5) reported that one gene controlled spike density in the line Pyramidatum. Spike shape, parallel vs. truncate pyramidal, is considered of limited value as a key character, but it is used in description of barley cultivars (1).

Origin of mutant:

Probably natural occurrence in Finnish cultivars, but isolated from a backcross of Pokko (PI 467770) to Hja80001 (GSHO 1689, DWS1246), which is a gamma-ray induced, brachytic mutant from Aapo (PI 467771) (2, 6).

Mutational events:

Pyr1.g in Hja64202 (Pokko*3/Hja80001, DWS1242) (2, 4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

Pyr1.g in Hja64202 (GSHO 1581); Pyr1.g in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2149).

References:

1. Åberg, E., and G.A. Wiebe. 1946. Classification of barley varieties grown in the United States and Canada in 1945. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 907. 190 pp., illus.

2. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1999. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. BGN 29:74-79.

4. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

5. Hayes, H.K., and H.V. Harlan. 1920. The inheritance of the length of internode in the rachis of the barley spike. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 869. 26 pp.

6. Kivi, E.I. 1986. (Personal communications).

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:82.

BGS 62, Subjacent hood, sbk

Stock number: BGS 62

Locus name: Subjacent hood

Locus symbol: sbk

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Subjacent hood = sk (7).

Hooded awn 2 = k2 (10).

Hoods = k_r (9).

Calcaroides-a = cal-a (2, 3).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (6, 7).

Located in chromosome 2HS (6, 7, 8), distal from molecular marker CDO057 (5), probably in Bin 2H-01.

Description:

Unlike the Kap (hooded awn) mutants, the lemma appendage or its modification is situated somewhat below the top of the lemma. Lemma modifications may include a central cup-like cavity or sac in some alleles and/or pronounced lemma wings in other alleles (1, 5). The modified lemma bears a short distal awn. Only a few florets of the spike have malformations in alleles cal-a.3, -a.6, -a.7, and -a.17 and these alleles are associated with the formation of pronounced wings (5). There are no rudiments of a floral organ within the hood-like cavity (5, 6, 7). Leaf knots and leaf curling are present in some alleles (5). In the homozygous condition, the sbk1.a gene is epistatic to Kap1.a and to Lks1.a (awnless) genes (6). The Bowman backcross-derived line with the sbk1.a gene is earlier, shorter, and less vigorous than the recurrent parent.

Origin of mutant:

A spontaneous mutant identified as Tayeh 13 (OUC335) (6); an X-ray induced mutant in Bonus (PI 189763) (4).

Mutational events:

sbk1.a in Tayeh 13 (6); cal-a.1 in Bonus (NGB 114280, 114281) (3, 4); cal-a.3 (NGB 114283), -a.5 (NGB 114285) in Foma (CIho 11333); cal-a.6 (NGB 114286) in Bonus; cal-a.7 (NGB 114287), -a.8 (NGB 114288, 114289), -a.11 (NGB 114290, 114291), -a.12 (NGB 114292), -a.13 (NGB 114293) in Foma; cal-a.16 (NGB 114295), -a.17 (NGB 114296), -a.20 (NGB 114299), -a.21 (NGB 114300) in Bonus (3, 4); sbk1.b (k_r) in Montcalm (CIho 7149) (9).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

sbk1.a in Tayeh 13 (GSHO 267); cal-a.1 in Bonus (GSHO 286, NGB 114280, NGB 114281); sbk1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1874); cal‑a.1 in Bowman*3 (GSHO 2186).

References:

1. Bossinger, G., U. Lundqvist, W. Rohde, and F. Salamini. 1992. Genetics of plant development in barley. p. 989-1017. In L. Munck, K. Kirkegaard, and B. Jensen (eds.). Barley Genetics VI. Proc. Sixth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Helsingborg, 1991. Munksgaard Int. Publ., Copenhagen.

2. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.

3. Lundqvist, U. 1993. Coordinator's report: Ear morphology genes. BGN 22:137‑139.

4. Lundqvist, U. (Unpublished).

5. Pozzi, C., P. Faccioli, V. Terzi, A.M. Stanca, S. Cerioli, P. Castiglioni, R. Fink, R. Capone, K.J. Müller, G. Bossinger, W. Rohde, and F. Salamini. 2000. Genetics of mutations affecting the development of a barley floral bract. Genetics 154:1335‑1346.

6. Takahashi, R., and J. Hayashi. 1966. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. II. Assignment of several new mutant genes to their respective linkage groups by the trisomic method of analysis. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 13:185-198.

7. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.

8. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1973. Further information on telotrisomic analysis in barley. BGN 3:75-79.

9. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K.J. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5:200-219.

10. Woodward, R.W. 1957. Linkages in barley. Agron. J. 49:92-94.

Prepared:

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:122.

Revised:

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:98.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 2002. BGN 32:83-84.

BGS 97, Accordion rachis 1, acr1

Stock number: BGS 97

Locus name: Accordion rachis 1

Locus symbol: acr1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Lax rachis internode = ril (1).

Accordion rachis = acr (4, 5).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive plus modifiers (1, 4, 5).

Located in chromosome 2HL, near the vrs1 (six-rowed spike 1) because no recombination with the Vrs1.t (deficiens) allele has been observed (2).

Description:

Rachis internodes are greatly elongated and often bent or pleaded as the spike emerges from the boot or sheath of the flag leaf (4). The line ACBV89B29 exhibits extreme elongation of rachis internodes, rachis internode length values over 7.0 mm, and occasionally trapping of the spike tip in the boot (2, 6). Elongation of the rachis internodes is associated with long outer glumes and the deficiens phenotype. Modifiers cause variable expression of the accordion trait in different genetic backgrounds. In crosses to Bowman, segregation for acr1 fits a two gene ratio better than an one gene ratio. Plants are about 3/4 normal height and the grain is thin compared to that of normal sibs (2).

Origin of mutant:

A naturally occurring deviant (4) incorporated into several genetic stocks, acr1.a in Beaverlodge stock ACBV89B29 was used to study this locus (2, 6).

Mutational events:

acr1.a in ACBV89B29 (6).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

acr1.a in ACBV89B29 (GSHO 1617); acr1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 1899).

References:

1. Enns, H. 1961. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley using chromosomal interchanges and marker stocks. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Saskatchewan. pp. 70.

2. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

4. Haus, T.E. 1957. Inheritance of rachis internode length and an abnormal rachis type in barley. Dissertation Abstr. 49:179-180.

5. Nilan, R.A. 1964. The cytology and genetics of barley, 1951-1962. Monogr. Suppl. 3, Res. Stud. Vol. 32, No. 1. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.

6. Wolfe, R.I. 1990. (Personal communications).

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2001. BGN 32:85.

BGS 98, Early maturity 6, Eam6

Stock number: BGS 98

Locus name: Early maturity 6

Locus symbol: Eam6

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Early heading = Ea (6).

Early maturity 6 = Ea6 (4).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial dominant (6).

Located in chromosome 2HS, about 13.5 cM proximal from the vrs1 (six-rowed spike 1) locus (6); near the gsh5 (glossy sheath 5) locus based on linkage drag (1, 2); near molecular marker ABC167b in Bin 2H-08 (3, 5).

Description:

Alleles at the Eam6 locus alter the timing of floral initiation when barley is grown under long-day conditions. In temperate climates, the Eam6.h gene induces spring barley to head two to five days earlier than plants with the recessive allele (1, 3). A much stronger response to long photoperiods is associated with the Eam1 gene. Tohno-oka et al. (5) reported that Eam6 gene from Morex (CIho 15773) is effective when the photoperiod is 13 hours or longer and that the Eam1 gene from Steptoe (CIho 15229) induces early heading when the photoperiod is 14 hours or longer. In North Dakota, plants with both the Eam1 and Eam6 genes head one to two days earlier than those with only the Eam1 gene (1). The factors Eam1 and Eam6 for early heading may have been studied by Yasuda (7) and named AA@ and AB@, respectively.

Origin of mutant:

Natural occurrence in many spring, six-rowed barley, represented by the cultivar Morex (CIho 15773) (5).

Mutational events:

Eam6.h in an unknown cultivar (6); Eam6.h in Morex (3, 5).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

Eam6.h in Morex (CIho 15773, GSHO 2492); Eam6.h from Nordic (CIho 15216) in Bowman (PI 483237).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D., and G.T. Yu (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D., and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGS 355, Glossy sheath 5, gsh5. BGN 26:300-301.

3. Marquez-Cedillo, L.A., P.M. Hayes, A. Kleinhofs, W.G. Legge, B.G. Rossnagel, K. Sato, S.E. Ullrich, and D. M. Wesenberg. 2001. QTL analysis of agronomic traits in barley based on the doubled haploid progeny of two elite North American varieties representing different germplasm groups. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:625-637.

4. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, R.G. Shands, and A. Hagberg. 1965. A summary of linkage studies in cultivated barley, Hordeum species: Supplement III, 1954-1963. Crop Sci. 5:33-43.

5. Tohno-oka, T., M. Ishit, R. Kanatani, H. Takahashi, and K. Takeda. 2000. Genetic analysis of photoperiodic response of barley in different daylength conditions. p. 239-241. In S. Logue (ed.) Barley Genetics VIII. Volume III. Proc. Eighth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Adelaide. Dept. Plant Science, Waite Campus, Adelaide University, Glen Osmond, South Australia.

6. Woodward, R.W. 1957. Linkages in barley. Agron. J. 49:28-32.

7. Yasuda, S. 1958. (Genetic analysis of the response to short photoperiod in a barley cross by means of the partitioning method.) Nogaku Kenkyu 46:54-62 [In Japanese].

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 2002. BGN 32:86-87.

BGS 99, Lesser internode number 1, lin1

Stock number: BGS 99

Locus name: Lesser internode number 1

Locus symbol: lin1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Rachis internode number = s, rin (2, 5).

Low number of rachis internodes = rin (3).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (4, 5).

Located in chromosome 2HL (5), about 15.1 cM distal from the eog (elongated outer glume) locus and about 17.1 cM proximal from the vrs1 (six-rowed spike 1) locus (4).

Description:

The mean number of rachis internodes per spike is reduced by 20 to 40%. The average internode number was 15.3 in Triple Bearded Mariout and 22.9 in Spartan (4). In some six-rowed cultivars as Morex, the reduction in rachis internodes associated with the lin1 gene is less obvious (1). Presence of the Eam1 (early maturity 1) gene in Triple Bearded Mariout (BGS 57) makes study of lin1 locus difficult in some environments; therefore, new BGS number and seed stock are recommended.

Origin of mutant:

Natural occurrence in many six-rowed barley cultivars of North African origin (1). (Tavcar=s mutant stock is no longer available.)

Mutational events:

lin1.a in Triple Bearded Mariout (CIho 2523, GSHO 29) (4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

lin1.a in Morex (CIho 15773, GSHO 2492); lin1.a from Nordic (CIho 15216) in Bowman (PI 483237).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Freisleben, R., and I. Metzger. 1942. Genetische Studien zur Gerstenzüchtung. I. Vererbung und Koppelung der Mehltauresistenz und der Spindelgliedzahl. Z. f. Pflanzenzücht. 24:507-522.

3. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and F.R. Immer. 1941. A summary of linkage studies in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 33:47-64.

4. Swenson, S.P., and D.G. Wells. 1944. The linkage relation of four genes in chromosome 1 of barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 36:429-435.

5. Tavcar, A. 1938. Vererbungsart der Spindelstufenzahl bei Bastardierungen einiger distichum x vulgare Wintergersten. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 75:106-123.

Prepared:

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:117 (BGN 14:91) as BGS 57, Reduced internode number, rin.

Revised:

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1984. BGN 14:91 as BGS 57, Lesser internode number, lin.

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:88.

BGS 100, Slender dwarf 4, sld4

Stock number: BGS 100

Locus name: Slender dwarf 4

Locus symbol: sld4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Slender dwarf d = sld.d (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (4).

Located in chromosome 2HL (5), about 22 cM distal from the vrs1 (six-rowed spike 1) locus (4).

Description:

Plants with the sld4.d gene have reduced vigor and are light green in color during early stages of growth (5). Plants are 1/2 to 2/3 of normal height. The number of spikelets per spike is about 3/4 of normal. Kernels are very thin and grain yield is very low in the Bowman backcross-derived line (1).

Origin of mutant:

A neutron induced mutant in Two-row Glacier (4). (Glacier is available as CIho 6976.)

Mutational events:

sld4.d in Two-row Glacier (80-T-5899-2-13, DWS1368) (2, 3, 4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

sld4.d in Two-row Glacier (GSHO 2479); sld4.d in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1880).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1999. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. BGN 29:74-79.

3. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

4. Ramage, R.T., and P. Curtis. 1981. A light green, dwarf mutant located on chromosome 2. BGN 11:37-38.

5. Ramage, R.T., and R.A. Ronstadt-Smith. 1983. Location of a light green dwarf mutant on chromosome 2. BGN 13:62-64.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:89.

BGS 141, Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 5, rym5

Stock number: BGS 141

Locus name: Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 5 (BaYMV)

Locus symbol: rym5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to BaYMV = Ym (3, 5, 7).

Resistance to BaYMV 5 = ym5 (4).

Resistance to BaYMV 5 = rym5 (8).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (4).

Located in chromosome 3HL (7), approximately 2.5 cM distal from the Est1 (esterase 1) locus (4, 7), in Bin 3H-16 and flanked by molecular markers MWG838 and MWG010A at distances of 0.8 and 1.3 cM, respectively (1).

Description:

Plants with the rym5.h allele are resistant to Japanese strains I and II of BaYMV, but susceptible to Japanese strain III of BaYMV (2). In Germany, plants with rym5.h are resistant to strains BaYMV-1 and BaYMV-2 (6, 10). Although plants with rym5.h are resistant to BaMMV (barley mild mosaic virus) in Germany (6, 10), they are susceptible to the Japanese strain BaMMV-Na (6, 9).

Origin of mutant:

Natural occurrence in Mokusekko 3 (OUC627, PI 420938) (4).

Mutational events:

rym5.h in Mokusekko 3 (4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

rym5.h in Misato Golden (OUJ848) from Mokusekko 3 (4).

References:

1. Graner, A., S. Streng, A. Kellermann, A. Schiemann, E. Bauer, R. Waugh, B. Pello, and F. Ordon. 1999. Molecular mapping and genetic fine-structure of the rym5 locus encoding resistance to different strains of the barley yellow mosaic virus complex. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:285-290.

2. Kashiwazaki, S., K. Ogawa, T. Usugi, T. Omura, and T. Tsuchizaki. 1989. Characterization of several strains of barley yellow mosaic virus. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55:16-25.

3. Kawada, N., and M. Tsuru. 1987. Genetics and breeding of resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus. p. 651-657. In S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama, Japan. 1986. Maruzen Co., Ltd., Okayama Branch, Okayama, Japan.

4. Konishi, T., T. Ban, Y. Iida, and R. Yoshimi. 1986. Genetic analysis of disease resistance to all strains of BaYMV in a Chinese barley landrace, Mokusekko 3. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:871-877.

5. Konishi, T., and R. Kaiser. 1991. Genetic difference in barley yellow mosaic virus resistance between Mokusekko 3 and Misato Golden. Japan. J. Breed. 41:499-505.

6. Konishi, T. and R. Kaiser-Alexnat. 2000. Reaction of barley accessions to BaYMV and BaMMV in Japan, compared with data in Germany. BGN 30:58-61.

7. Konishi, T., N. Kawada, H. Yoshida, and K. Soutome. 1989. Linkage relationships between two loci for the barley yellow mosaic resistance of Mokusekko 3 and esterase enzymes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Japan. J. Breed. 39:423-430.

8. Miyazaki, C., E. Osanai, K. Saeki, K. Ito, T. Konishi, K. Sato, and A. Saito. 2001. Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus in a Chinese barley landrace Mokusekko 3. Breeding Science 51:171-177.

9. Nomura, K., S. Kashiwazaki, H. Hibino, T. Inoue, E. Nakata, Y. Tsuzaki, and S. Okuyama. 1996. Biological and serological properties of strains of barley mild mosaic virus. J. Phytopath. 144:103-197.

10. Orden, F., R. Götz, and W. Friedt. 1993. Genetic stocks resistant to barley mosaic viruses (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) in Germany. BGN 22:46-50.

Prepared:

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:90-91.

BGS 142, Brachytic 8, brh8

Stock number: BGS 142

Locus name: Brachytic 8

Locus symbol: brh8

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Brachytic-ad = brh.ad (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2, 4).

Located in chromosome 3HS, based on linkage drag with the btr1 (non-brittle rachis 1) locus (3).

Description:

Plants are 3/4 to 5/6 of normal height and awns are 2/3 to 3/4 of normal length. The seedling leaf of brh8 plants is shorter and wider than those of normal sibs and the leaf blades are slightly wider. The grain of brh8 plants is shorter and plumper than that of normal sibs. Heading is slightly delayed and spikes are slightly compacted, but grain yield is nearly normal (1).

Origin of mutant:

Probably a sodium azide induced mutant in Birgitta (NSGC 1870) (5).

Mutational events:

brh8.ad in Birgitta (17:16:1, DWS1008) (4, 5).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

brh8.ad in Birgitta (GSHO 1671); brh8.ad in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1944).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. The brachytic class of semidwarf mutants in barley. BGN 24:56-59.

3. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

4. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

5. Lehmann, L. (Personal communications).

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:92.

BGS 143, Shrunken endosperm xenia 8, sex8

Stock number: BGS 143

Locus name: Shrunken endosperm xenia 8

Locus symbol: sex8

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Shrunken endosperm xenia-j = sex.j (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2).

Located in chromosome 3HS, based on linkage drag with the btr1 (non-brittle rachis 1) locus (2).

Description:

After the hard dough stage, the grain develops a slight depression in the dorsal or lemma side. In plants heterozygous for sex8, a xenia pattern of expression is observed. Seeds with a small depression in the dorsal side are homozygous for sex8.

Origin of mutant:

A spontaneous mutant in a selection from cross I89-633 (lax-169/3*Bowman) (1).

Mutational events:

sex8.j in I89-633-1 (GSHO 2471) (1, 2).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

sex8.j in I89-633-1 (GSHO 2471); sex8.j in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1945).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:93.

BGS 144, Slender dwarf 5, sld5

Stock number: BGS 144

Locus name: Slender dwarf 5

Locus symbol: sld5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Indian Dwarf (1, 4).

Slender dwarf-h = sld.h (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (1).

Located in chromosome 3HS, based on linkage drag with the btr1 (non-brittle rachis 1) locus (2).

Description:

Plants with the sld5.h gene show reduced vigor and have thin grain. Plants are about 2/3 normal height in the XV 2334-6R line and about 1/2 normal in Indian Dwarf accession (1, 4). Seedlings with the sld5.h gene are insensitive to treatment with gibberellic acid (1). The second factor for reduced height in Indian Dwarf may be the Eam5.x (early maturity 5, BGS 348) mutant.

Origin of mutant:

A spontaneous mutant identified as Indian Dwarf (CIho 13994) (1).

Mutational events:

sld5.h in XV2334-6R (DWS1238) from Indian Dwarf (1, 3, 4); Apam Dwarf likely has an allele at the sld5 locus (4).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

sld5.h in XV2334-6R (GSHO 2483), sld5.h in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1940).

References:

1.Boulger, M.C., R.G. Sears, and W.E. Kronstad. 1982. An investigation of the association between dwarfing sources and gibberellic acid response in barley. p. 550-553. In M.J.C. Asher, R.P. Ellis, A.M. Hayter, and R.N.H. Whitehouse (eds.) Barley Genetics IV. Proc. Fourth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Edinburgh. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

3. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

4. Sears, R.G., W.E. Kronstad, and R.J. Metzger. 1981. Inheritance of dwarf and semidwarf plant height in barley. Crop Sci. 21:828-831.

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:94.

BGS 146, Calcaroides-d, cal-d

Stock number: BGS 146

Locus name: Calcaroides-d

Locus symbol: cal-d

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).

Located in chromosome 3H, near the centromere and near molecular marker CDO684 (4), which is in Bin 3H-06.

Description:

At the tip of the lemma proper, in a position corresponding to the transition between lemma and awn, cal-d mutants bear a well‑organized ectopic structure, the sac (1, 4). Only the allele cal-d.22 does not produce pronounced lemma wings. The cal-d mutants bear a short distal awn (4). In contrast to the Kap (hooded lemma) phenotype, the sac does not develop into an epiphyllous flower. The cal-d alleles are associated with leaf curling also (4).

Origin of mutant:

An X-ray induced mutant in Foma (CIho 11333) (2, 3).

Mutational events:

cal-d.4 (GSHO 1698, NGB 114284) in Foma (3); cal-d.14 (NGB 119831) in Kristina (NGB 1500), -d.18 (NGB 114297), ‑d.22 (NGB 114301, 114302) in Bonus (PI 189763) (3).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

cal-d.4 in Foma (GSHO 1698, NGB 114284); cal-d.4 in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 1875).

References:

2. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.

3. Lundqvist, U. 1993 Coordinator's report: Ear morphology genes. BGN 22:137‑139.

4. Pozzi, C., P. Faccioli, V. Terzi, A.M. Stanca, S. Cerioli, P. Castiglioni, R. Fink, R. Capone, K.J. Müller, G. Bossinger, W. Rohde, and F. Salamini. 2000. Genetics of mutations affecting the development of a barley floral bract. Genetics 154:1335‑1346.

Prepared:

U. Lundqvist and J. D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:95.

BGS 167, Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 1, rym1

Stock number: BGS 167

Locus name: Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 1 (BaYMV)

Locus symbol: rym1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to BaYMV = Ym (8).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial recessive (3, 5).

Located in chromosome 4HL (3, 5), approximately 9.7 cM distal from the glf3 (glossy leaf 3) locus (3), and closely linked to molecular marker MWG2134 (5), which is in Bin 4H-06.

Description:

Plants with the rym1.a gene show less yellowing and stunting than susceptible plants when grown in fields that are infested with BaYMV (8). Mokusekko 3 is resistant to all strains of BaYMV and BaMMV (barley mild mosaic virus) in Japan (1, 6) and Germany (7), and possesses at least two recessive genes, rym1.a and rym5.h (3, 5). The rym1.a gene was separated from the rym5.h gene in the progeny from a cross between Mokusekko 3 and Colsess (a susceptible genetic stock) using isozyme assisted selection (3). The line MK501-234 carries only the rym1.a gene and is resistant to all strains of BaYMV in Japan (2, 3).

Origin of mutant:

Natural occurrence in Mokusekko 3 (OUC627, PI 420938) (8).

Mutational events:

rym1.a in Mokusekko 3 (8).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

rym1.a in Mokusekko 3 (OUC627) (3); rym1.a in MC501-234, which has only the rym1.a gene for resistance to BaYMV (3).

References:

1. Kashiwazaki, S., K. Ogawa, T. Usugi, T. Omura, and T. Tsuchizaki. 1989. Characterization of several strains of barley yellow mosaic virus. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55:16-25.

2. Konishi. (Unpublished).

3. Konishi, T., T. Ban, Y. Iida, and R. Yoshimi. 1997. Genetic analysis of disease resistance to all strains of BaYMV in a Chinese barley landrace, Mokusekko 3. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:871-877.

4. Konishi, T., and R. Kaiser. 1991. Genetic difference in barley yellow mosaic virus resistance between Mokusekko 3 and Misato Golden. Japan. J. Breed. 41:499-505.

5. Miyazaki, C., E. Osanai, K. Saeki, K. Ito, T. Konishi, K. Sato, and A. Saito. 2001. Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus in a Chinese barley landrace Mokusekko 3. Breeding Science 51:171-177.

6. Nomura, K., S. Kashiwazaki, H. Hibino, T. Inoue, E. Nakata, Y. Tsuzaki, and S. Okuyama. 1996. Biological and serological properties of strains of barley mild mosaic virus. J. Phytopath. 144:103-197.

7. Orden, F., R. Götz, and W. Friedt. 1993. Genetic stocks resistant to barley mosaic viruses (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) in Germany. BGN 22:46-50.

8. Takahashi, R., I. Hayashi, T. Inouye, I. Moriya, and C. Hirao. 1973. Studies on resistance to yellow mosaic disease in barley. I. Tests for varietal reactions and genetic analysis of resistance to the disease. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 16:1-17.

Prepared:

R.G. Timian. 1976. BGN 6:125.

Revised:

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1996. BGN 26:193.

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:96-97.

BGS 183, Yellow node 1, Ynd1

Stock number: BGS 183

Locus name: Yellow node 1

Locus symbol: Ynd1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Yellow node = Yn (R.F. Eslick=s collection notes) (1).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (1).

Located in chromosome 4HS, based on incomplete data from the Harrington/Morex mapping population (2) and linkage drag with the int-c (intermedium spike -c) locus (1).

Description:

Nodes of the culm appear to lack a coating of surface waxes in plants homozygous for the Ynd1.a gene. In heterozygotes, surface waxes may be observed on the upper half of the node. This trait is easier to observe in greenhouse grown plants where surface waxes are not rubbed off by wind caused leaf movements. The Ynd1.a allele is present in many six-rowed cultivars of Oriental origin (1). The glossy node trait is seldom found in two-rowed lines selected from two- by six-rowed crosses because the Ynd1.a allele is closely linked to the Int-c.a allele, which increases the size of lateral spikelets (1, 2).

Origin of mutant:

Naturally occurring in many six-rowed barley cultivars (1).

Mutational events:

Ynd1.a in a stock from R.F. Eslick=s collection at Montana State University, Bozeman (GSHO 1607) (1).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

Ynd1.a in Morex (CIho 15773, GSHO 2492); Ynd1.a from Sen >S= (GSHO 1605) in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2363).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Kleinhofs, A., and J.D. Franckowiak. (Unpublished).

Prepared:

J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. BGN 32:98.

BGS 184, Zeocriton 3, Zeo3

Stock number: BGS 184\

Locus name: Zeocriton 3

Locus symbol: Zeo3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Semidwarf mutant = Mo1 (5).

Zeocriton h = Zeo.h (2).

Inheritance:

Monofactorial dominant (2).

Location in chromosome 4HS, based on linkage drag with the int-c (intermedium spike-c) locus (2).

Description:

Spikes have compact appearance and are about 3/4 normal length because rachis internodes are shorter than those of normal sibs, 3.3 vs. 4.1 mm. The spike remains strap-shaped because all rachis internodes are about the same length. Plants are about 10 cm shorter than normal sibs (1).

Origin of mutant:

A sodium azide induced mutant in Morex (CIho 15773) (5).

Mutational events:

Zeo3.h in Morex (Wa11094-81, DWS1259) (3).

Mutant used for description and seed stocks:

Zeo3.h in Morex (GSHO 1611); Zeo3.h in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1999).

References:

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (Unpublished).

2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.

3. Franckowiak, J.D., and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator=s report: Semidwarf genes. A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

4. Nedel, J.L., S.E. Ullrich, J.A. Clancy, and W.L. Pan. 1993. Barley semidwarf and standard isotype yiel