GrainGenes
A Database for Triticeae and Avena
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Overall coordinators report
Udda Lundqvist
Nordic Genetic Resource Center
P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp
e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org
Since the latest overall coordinators report in Barley Genetics Newsletter Volume 37 many of us met at the 10th International Barley Genetics Symposium in Alexandria, Egypt, during during 6 days in the beginning of April 2008. About 300 participants attended the meetings, 16 different sessions and 5 workshops were arranged and a number of 100 posters were presented. We could get much information of many interesting papers with new and interesting results for the barley community.
As Overall Coordinator I arranged a workshop on Barley Genetic Linkage Groups, Barley Genome, Genes and Genetic Stocks. Discussions were focused on the coordination system of to-day and the future and it was stressed if the whole genome should be coordinated by one person. After intensive discussions it was decided that for the time being it was not ready to do this for one person. Therefore it was recommended to continue with to-days system. Some changes of the coordinators have taken place. Victoria Carollo Blake, Bozeman, Montana State University, USA, offered herself to take care of chromosome 6H instead of Duane Falk who is not engaged in barley work any more. Andy Kleinhofs, USA, who has taken care of coordinating the integration of molecular and morphological barley maps wanted to step down and he got replaced by David Marshall from the Genetics Programme at the Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom. Also Brian Steffenson, USA, the coordinator for disease and pest resistant genes wanted to step down and got replaced by Mark Sutherland, Australia. I want to take the opportunity and thank the retired coordinators for their willingness to provide us with all important barley information and their coorporation. Regarding the Barley Genetics Newsletter the workshop decided after some discussions to continue in electronic format as it is the only forum for the barley community to publish gene descriptions and short research notes. A summarizing report of the workshop is published in this issue of Barley Genetics Newsletter.
As recommended at the 10th International Barley Genetics Symposium the rules for Nomenclature and Gene Symbolization in Barley is published in this volume of BGN. Tables of Barley Genetic Stock descriptions by BGS numbers (Table 1) and by locus symbols in alphabetic order (Table 2) are again published in this volume. They are necessary for barley researchers to find important information in the AceDB database and GrainGenes.
List of Barley Coordinators
Chromoosome 1H (5): Gunter Backes, The University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Fredriksberg C, Denmark. FAX: +45 3528 3468; e-mail:
Chromosome 2H (2): Jerry. D. Franckowiak, Hermitage Research Station, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia, FAX: +61 7 4660 3600; e-mail:
Chromosome 3H (3): Luke Ramsey, Genetics Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. FAX: +44 1382 562426. E-mail:
Chromosome 4H (4): Arnis Druka, Genetics Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. FAX: +44 1382 562426. e-mail:
Chromosome 5H (7): George Fedak, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6, FAX: +1 613 759 6559; e-mail:
Chromosome 6H (6): Victoria Carollo Blake, Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.e-mail:
Chromosome 7H (1): Lynn Dahleen, USDA-ARS, State University Station, P.O. Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. FAX: + 1 701 239 1369; e-mail:
Integration of molecular and morphological marker maps: David Marshall, Genetics Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. FAX: 44 1382 562426. e-mail:
Barley Genetics Stock Center: Harold Bockelman, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA. FAX: +1 208 397 4165; e-mail:
Trisomic and aneuploid stocks: Harold Bockelman, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA. FAX: +1 208 397 4165; e-mail:
Translocations and balanced tertiary trisomics: Andreas Houben, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, DE-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. FAX: +49 39482 5137; e-mail:
List of Barley Coordinators (continued)
Desynaptic genes: Andreas Houben, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, DE-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. FAX: +49 39482 5137; e-mail:
Autotetraploids: Wolfgang Friedt, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE-35392 Giessen, Germany. FAX: +49 641 9937429; e-mail:
Disease and pest resistance genes: Mark Sutherland, Centre for Systems Biology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba Q 4350, Australia. FAX: +61 7 4631 1530. e-mail:
Eceriferum genes: Udda Lundqvist, Nordic Genetic Resource Center, P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden. FAX:.+46 40 536650; e-mail: < udda@nordgen.org>
Chloroplast genes: Mats Hansson, Carlsberg Research Center, Gamle Carlsberg vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Copenhagen Denmark. e-mail:
Genetic male sterile genes: Mario C. Therrien, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1000A, R.R. #3, Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 5Y3, FAX: +1 204 728 3858; e-mail:
Ear morphology genes: Udda Lundqvist, Nordic Genetic Resource Center, P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden. FAX: +46 40 536650; e-mail: < HYPERLINK "mailto: udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org>
or
Antonio Michele Stanca: Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di Fiorenzuola dArda, Via Protaso 302, IT-29017 Fiorenzuola dArda (PC), Italy. FAX +39 0523 983750, e-mail: 40 536650
Semi-dwarf genes: Jerry D. Franckowiak, Hermitage Research Station, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia, FAX: +61 7 4660 3600; e-mail: < Jerome.Franckowiak@dpi.qld.gpv.au >
Early maturity genes: Udda Lundqvist, Nordic Genetic Resource Center, P.O. Box 41,
SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden. FAX: +46 40 536650; e-mail:
Barley-wheat genetic stocks: A.K.M.R. Islam, Department of Plant Science, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia. FAX: +61 8 8303 7109; e-mail:
Coordinators Report: Barley Chromosome 1H (5)
Gunter Backes
The University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences
Department of Agricultural Sciences
Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
e-mail: guba@life.ku.dk
Hearnden et al. (2007) developed a high-density genetic map using DArT markers and microsatellites in a population of 90 doubled haploid lines from a cross between the Australian feed barley variety Barque-73 and the H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum accession CPI 71284-48. The map for 1H includes 90 DArT marker loci, 54 genomic and 25 EST-based SSR marker loci as well as 2 InDel marker loci (171 marker loci in total).
The high-density barley linkage map of Varshney et al. (2007) includes 328 marker loci for chromosome 1H (225 AFLP marker loci, 93 RFLP marker loci, 41 SSR marker loci, 7 gene loci, one CAP marker locus and one RAPD marker locus). In contrast to the map presented above, it is a consensus map based on 6 different mapping populations. It also shows the BIN structure as defined by Kleinhofs and Graner (2001), but subdivides 10 cM BINs in 2 sub-BINs of 5 cM each. The BINs given in this report relate to this map, if not mentioned otherwise. Further this map and the respective segregating populations were used to compare the distribution of QTLs for resistance against barley leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei and to compare the detected QTL with defense gene homologs (Marcel et al., 2007). On chromosome 1H they found, using the results of green-house experiments in the Steptoe/Morex population, the QTL Rphq14 in the BINs 1.2 to 2.1 explaining 13% of the phenotypic variance.
Using RNA from wheat-barley (Chinese spring/Betzes) ditelosomic addition lines on the Affimetrix Barley 1 GeneChip, Bilgic et al. (2007) localized 1257 barley genes to different chromosome arms. Of those, 24 transcripts were assigned to chromosome 1HS (23 single-copy and one multi-copy transcript).
A low phytic acid mutation (lpa3-1) causing a reduction of 75% of the phytic acid content in the sodium-acide induced mutant M635 compared to the wild-type Harrington was localized to chromosome 1H BIN 12.2 (Roslinsky et al., 2007). The localization was carried out using first 20 F5 RIL lines of a cross CDC Freedom/M635 in a bulk segregant analysis, followed by the integration of the resulting partial map into the Harrington/Morex population from the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (Hayes et al., 1997).
Mutants related to root hair formation were used to localize the effected genes in F2-progenies from crosses of four different mutant lines with the varieties Steptoe and Morex (Janiak and Szarejko, 2007). On chromosome 1H, BIN 11.2 or 12.1, rph1 was localized, causing the development of root hairs to stop after primordia have been formed.
FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT) genes play a central role in integrating flowering signals in Arabidopsis . Based on 13 rice FT gene sequences, barley homologs were searched in EST databases and five barley FT sequences were detected and localized (Faure et al., 2007). One of them, HvFT3 was localized on chromosome 1H, BIN 11 or 12 in a population of 95 doubled haploid lines from the cross Igri/Triumph (Laurie et al., 1995).
Lee and Neate (2007a) localized resistance genes against Septoria speckled leaf blotch caused by Septoria passerinii present in the barley accessions Clho 1300 (Rsp1), Clho 4789 (Rsp2) and Clho 10644 (Rsp3). They crossed each of these accessions to the varieties Foster and Robust and used the resulting F2-populations (103 to 125 lines) to greenhouse as well as field experiments and a subsequent linkage analysis. On 1HS two of the resistances genes were localized: Rsp2 to BIN 2.1 and Rsp3 to BIN 2.2. Because of the low number of common markers, the latter BIN-localization of Rsp3 is a rough estimate. The authors also published STS markers linked to those resistance genes (Lee and Neate, 2007b)
Quantitatively acting resistance genes against the net form of net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres were localized by Lehmensieck et al. (2007). They used three different doubled haploid populations (111 to 153 lines) on field trials (2-3 years environments). In the Arapiled/Franklin population they detected a QTL on chromosome 1HS, BIN 2-3. It had a LOD of 2.9 to 3.3 and explained 9 to 12% of the phenotypic variation. Arapiles contributed the allele conferring resistance.
Against the same disease, Manninen et al. (2006) detected one or several minor QTLs on 1H in a doubled haploid population (119 lines) from a cross between the Finnish variety Rolfi and the Ethiopian accession CI 9819. The region of the chromosome that associated with net blotch resistance covered BIN 4 to 11.
Panozzo et al. (2007) localized QTLs for malting quality related traits in two different doubled haploid population, originating from the crosses Arapiles x Franklin and Alexis x Sloop and comprising 225 and 100 lines, respectively. In the Arapiles/Franklin population, 2 QTL were detected on chromosome 1H, one in BIN 6.2 effecting hot water extract, diastatic p o w e r , - a m y l a s e a c t i v i t y , w o r t - g l u c a n , w o r t v i s c o s i t y a n d f r e e - a m i n o a c i d s a n d o n e i n B I N 7 . 1 e f f e c t i n g g l u c a n a s e a c t i v i t y a n d f r e e - a m i n o a c i d s . I n t h e A l e x i s / S l o o p p o p u l a t i o n , c a u s e d b y a l a c k o f c o m m o n m a r k e r s w i t h t h e p o p u l a t i o n s u s e d f o r b i n n i n g , o n l y r o u g h e s t i m a t e s o f t h e B I N s c a n b e g i v e n . O n e Q T L w a s d e t e c t e d i n B I N 7 f o r h o t w a t e r e x t r a c t , - a m y l a s e a c t i v i t y , w o r t - g l u c a n , w o r t v i s c o s i t y a n d f r e e - a m i n o a c i d s . A s e c o n d Q T L i n B I N 1 3 a f f e c t e d - a m y l a s e a c t i v i t y , g l u c a n a s e a c t i v i t y a n d f r e e - a m i n o a c i d s .
I n a p o p u l a t i o n d e r i v e d f r o m a c r o s s b e t w e e n a S p a n i s h a n d a U S v a r i e t y ( B e k a x L o g a n ) a n d a f t e r f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t c a r r i e d o u t b o t h i n S p a i n a n d S c o t l a n d , M o l i n a - C a n o e t a l . ( 2 0 0 7 ) i d e n t i f i e d Q T L s f o r - g l u c a n c o n t e n t . O n e o f t h e QTLs, explaining 8 to 15% of the phenotypic variance, was detected on chromosome 1H, BIN 14.
Seed dormancy QTLs were localized by Hori et al. (2007) by means of measuring the seed germination five and ten weeks after harvest in 7 different RI populations (93-94 lines). QTLs on 1H were found in three of these seven populations. In Harbin 2-row/Khanaqin 7, one QTL was detected in BIN 9, in Harbin 2 row/Turkey 45 one QTL was detected in BIN 6 and in Haruna Nijo/H602 one QTL was detected in BIN 5. The QTLs explained 4%, 12% and 4% of the phenotypic variance, respectively.
An advanced backcross population (BC2F6) derived from a cross between Harrington and the wild barley (H. v. ssp. spontaneum) accession OUH602 was used by Gyenis et al. (2007) to search for QTLs associated with morphological and agronomic traits measured in a field experiment on five environments. On chromosome 1H, 3 QTLs were found, one associated with the fragility of ear rachis in BIN 12, one QTL associated with plant height in BIN 12 and one QTL for kernel color in BIN 14 and 15. The QTLs explained 9-54%, 11% and 30% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In this paper, the BINs were directly given by the authors.
References:
Bilgic, H., S. Cho, D.F. Garvin, and G.J. Muehlbauer, 2007. Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat-barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Genome 50: 898-906.
Faure, S., J. Higgins, A. Turner and D.A. Laurie, 2007. The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176: 599-609.
Gyenis, L., S.J. Yun, K.P. Smith, B.J. Steffenson, E. Bossolini, M.C. Sanguineti, and G.J. Muehlbauer, 2007. Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci associated with morphological and agronomic trait differences in a wild by cultivated barley cross. Genome 50: 714-723.
Hayes, P.M., J. Cereno, H. Witsenjboer, M. Kuiper, M. Zabeau, K. Sato, A. Kleinhofs, D. Kudrna, M. Saghai Maroof, D. Hoffman, and N.A.B.G. Project (1997). Journal of Agricultural Genomics, Vol. 3. http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/jag/papers97/paper297/indexp297.html
Hearnden, P.R., P.J. Eckermann, G.L. McMichael, M.J. Hayden, J.K. Eglinton, and K.J. Chalmers, 2007. A genetic map of 1,000 SSR and DArT markers in a wide barley cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 115: 383-391.
Hori, K., K. Sato, and K. Takeda, 2007. Detection of seed dormancy QTL in multiple mapping populations derived from crosses involving novel barley germplasm. Theor. Appl. Genet. 115: 869-876.
Janiak, A. and I. Szarejko, 2007. Molecular mapping of genes involved in root hair formation in barley. Euphytica 157: 95-111.
Kleinhofs, A. and A. Graner, 2001. An integrated map of the barley genome. In: R.L. Phillips & I.K. Vasil (Eds.), DNA marker in plants, pp. 187-199. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Laurie, D.A., N. Pratchett, J.H. Bezant, and J.W. Snape, 1995. RFLP mapping of 5 major genes and 8 quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time in a winter x spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross. Genome 38: 575-585.
Lee, S.H. and S.M. Neate, 2007a. Molecular mapping of Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 genes conferring resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley. Phytopathology 97: 155-161.
Lee, S.H. and S.M. Neate, 2007b. Sequence tagged site markers to Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 genes for resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley. Phytopathology 97: 162-169.
Lehmensiek, A., G.J. Platz, E. Mace, D. Poulsen, and M.W. Sutherland, 2007. Mapping of adult plant resistance to net form of net blotch in three Australian barley populations. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58: 1191-1197.
Manninen, O.M., M. Jalli, R. Kalendar, A. Schulman, O. Afanasenko, and J. Robinson, 2006. Mapping of major spot-type and net-type netblotch resistance genes in the Ethiopian barley line Cl 9819. Genome 49: 1564-1571.
Marcel, T.C., R.K. Varshney, M. Barbieri, H. Jafary, M.J.D. de Kock, A. Graner, and R.E. Niks, 2007. A high-density consensus map of barley to compare the distribution of QTLs for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei and of defence gene homologues. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114: 487-500.
Molina-Cano, J.L., M. Moralejo, M. Elia, P. Munoz, J.R. Russell, A.M. Perez-Vendrell, F. Ciudad, and J.S. Swanston, 2007. QTL analysis of a cross between European and North American malting barleys reveals a putative candidate gene for beta-glucan content on chromosome 1H. Mol. Breed. 19: 275-284.
Panozzo, J.F., P.J. Eckermann, D.E. Mather, D.B. Moody, C.K. Black, H.M. Collins, A.R. Barr, P. Lim, and B.R. Cullis, 2007. QTL analysis of malting quality traits in two barley populations. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58: 858-866.
Roslinsky, V., P.E. Eckstein, V. Raboy, B.G. Rossnagel, and G.J. Scoles, 2007. Molecular marker development and linkage analysis in three low phytic acid barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant lines. Mol. Breed. 20: 323-330.
Varshney, R.K., T.C. Marcel, L. Ramsay, J. Russell, M.S. Roder, N. Stein, R. Waugh, P. Langridge, R.E. Niks, and A. Graner, 2007. A high density barley microsatellite consensus map with 775 SSR loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114: 1091-1103.
Coordinators report: Chromosome 2H (2)
J.D. Franckowiak
Hermitage Research Station
Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
e-mail: jerome.franckowiak@dpi.qld.gpv.au
The flowering locus T (FT) gene was first identified in Arabidopsis as having a role in the photoperiod and vernalization responses. Members of this family of genes, characterized by a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) domain, were mapped in barley by Faure et al. (2007). The family contains five members in barley and the HvFT4 gene mapped to the centromeric region of chromosome 2H.
Nduulu et al. (2007) examined a region of chromosome 2(2H) designated Qrgz-2H-8 in which coincident QTLs for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, and heading date (HD) have been mapped. It was unclear if FHB resistance at this locus is caused by a pleiotropic effect of delayed heading or tightly linked genes. Nduulu et al. (2007) identified a recombinant that showed reduced FHB severity and early heading and concluded that the relationship between FHB and HD at the Qrgz-2H-8 region is likely due to tight linkage rather than pleiotropy. This region of 2H is the same region where the HvFT4 gene was mapped and maturity factors early maturity 6 (Eam6) (Franckowiak 2007) and earliness per se QTL 2S (eps2S) Laurie et al. (1995) were located.
Burton et al. (2008) have mapped four cellulose synthase-like CslF (HvCslF) genes to a single locus on barley chromosome 2H. This region corresponds to a major qu a n t i t a t i v e t r a i t l o c u s f o r g r a i n ( 1 , 3 ; 1 , 4 ) - - D - g l u c a n c o n t e n t . O n l y t w o o f t h e s e v e n C s l F g e n e s , H v C s l F 6 ( 7 H ) a n d H v C s l F 9 ( 1 H ) , a r e t r a n s c r i b e d a t h i g h l e v e l s i n d e v e l o p i n g g r a i n a n d a r e o f p o t e n t i a l r e l e v a n c e f o r t h e f u t u r e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f g r a i n ( 1 , 3 ; 1 , 4 ) - - D - g l u c a n l e v e l s .
P o u r k h e i r a n d i s h a n d K o m a t s u d a ( 2 0 0 7 ) d e v e l o p e d f u r t h e r t h e e v o l u t i o n a r y i m p l i c a t i o n s i n b a r l e y o f t h e i r r e s e a r c h o n c l o n i n g o f a l l e l e s a t t h e v r s 1 ( s i x - r o w e d s p i k e 1 ) l o c u s ( K o m a t s u d a e t a l . 2 0 0 7 ) . S i x - r o w e d b a r l e y a r o s e t h r e e t i m e s a s independent events from two-rowed barley, but the oldest group of six-rowed barleys is apparently older than existing two-rowed groups.
Forster et al. (2007) extended the barley phytomer concept based on various morphological mutants observed in the Optic TILLING population and older collections of barley mutants. Phytomers are repeated building blocks that form various parts of the barley plant. The basic phytomer is composed of two half nodes separated by an internode with a side arm arising from the upper half node and root initials and a bud developing from the lower half node. An array of development patterns modified the basic phytomer to form various vegetative and reproductive organs. Some genes on chromosome 2H that affect the development of morphological structures include abr1 (accordion basal rachis 1), acr1 (accordion rachis 1), com2 (compositum 2), eog1 (elongated outer glume 1), ert-t (erectoides-t), lig1 (liguleless 1), Lks1 (awnless 1), mnd1 (many noded dwarf 1), sbk1 (subjacent hood 1), vrs1 (six-rowed spike 1), and Zeo1 (zeocriton 1).
Jafary et al. (2008) reported that barley germplasm contains partial resistance QTLs to several leaf rust , caused by Puccinia species, for which barley is not a host. Likewise, a population segregating for the Rph7 (resistance to Puccinia hordei 7) showed partial resistance in the susceptible portion of the population. Several of partial resistance QTLs for reaction leaf rust, including Rphq2 and Rphq6 for P. hordei reaction, were located on chromosome 2H.
Sameri and Komatsuda (2007) associated a QTL for 100-kernel weight and several other QTLs for agronomic traits with chromosome 2H.
References:
Burton, R.A., S.A. Jobling, A.J. Harvey, N.J. Shirley, D.E. Mather, A. Bacic, and G.B. Fincher. 2008. The genetics and transcriptional profiles of the cellulose synthase-like HvCslF gene family in barley. Plant Physiology 146:1821-1833.
Faure, S., J. Higgins, A. Turner, and D.A. Laurie. 2007. The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176:599-609.
Forster, B.P., J.D. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, J. Lyon, I. Pitkethly, W.T.B. Thomas. 2007. The barley phytomer. Annals of Botany 100:725-733.
Franckowiak, J.D. 2007. BGS 98, early maturity 6, Eam6, revised. Barley Genet. Newsl. 37: 216 "2 1 7 .
J a f a r y , H . , G . A l b e r t a z z i , T . C . M a r c e l , a n d R . E . N i k s . 2 0 0 8 . H i g h d i v e r s i t y o f g e n e s f o r n o n h o s t r e s i s t a n c e o f b a r l e y t o h e t e r o l o g o u s r u s t f u n g i . G e n e t i c s 1 7 8 ( 4 ) : 2 3 2 7 - 2 3 3 9 .
K o m a t s u d a , T . , M . P o u r k h e i r a n d i s h , C . H e , P . A z h a g u v e l , H . K a n a m o r i , D . P e r ovic, N. Stein, A. Graner, T. Wicker, A. Tagiri, U. Lundqvist, T. Fujimura, M. Matsuoka, T. Matsumoto, and M. Yano. 2007. Six-rowed barley originated from a mutation in a homeodomain-leucine zipper I-class homeobox gene. PNAS 104:1424-1429.
Laurie, D.A, Pratchett, N., Bezant, J.H., and Snape, J.W. 1995. RFLP mapping of five major genes and eight quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time in a winter/spring barley cross. Genome 38 : 5 7 5 "5 8 5 .
N d u u l u , L . M . , A . M e s f i n , G . J . M u e h l b a u e r , a n d K . P . S m i t h . 2 0 0 7 . A n a l y s i s o f t h e c h r o m o s o m e 2 ( 2 H ) r e g i o n o f b a r l e y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e c o r r e l a t e d t r a i t s F u s a r i u m h e a d b l i g h t r e s i s t a n c e a n d h e a d i n g d a t e . T h e o r A p p l G e n e t 1 1 5 : 5 6 1 5 7 0 .
P o u r k h e i r a n dish, M., and T. Komatsuda. 2007. The importance of barley genetics and domestication in a global perspective. Annals of Botany 100:999-1008.
Sameri, M. and T. Komatsuda. 2007. Localization of quantitative trait loci for yield components in a cross oriental occidental barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L.). JARQ 41:195-199.
Coordinators Report: Barley Chromosome 3H
L. Ramsay
Genetics Programme
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
e-mail: Luke.Ramsay@scri.ac.uk
Over the last year there have been a number of publications reporting the mapping of genes and QTL on barley chromosome 3H. One highlight was the mapping of over 2000 Transcript Derived Markers (including 302 on 3H) in the Steptoe x Morex DH population using a genetical genomics approach (Potokina et al. 2008). Using the derived map this study found 23,738 eQTL affecting the expression of 12,987 genes with both cis and trans effects in evidence.
Hu and Wise (2008) reported the mapping of two Lrk/Tak kinase gene clusters 3HS near the telomere using the Steptoe x Morex minimapper set. Microarray analysis revealed cultivar specific transcript accumulation of some of the family members on 3H, which the authors interpreted as indicating subfunctionalization of Lrk/Tak members following tandem duplication. At the other end of the chromosome Tyrka et al. (2008) developed a new diagnostic SSR for the Hv-eIF4E gene underlying Rym4/Rym5 locus on 3HL. Lee and Neate (2007) mapped a single dominant gene denoted Rsp1 that confers resistance to Septoria spleckle leaf blotch at seedling and adult stages to 3HS using an F2:3 population derived from a Robust x CIho 14300 cross. Somewhat confusingly Yan and Chen (2007) mapped a recessive gene denoted rps1.a, for resistance to stripe rust to 3HL using RILs derived from BBA 2890 x Steptoe.
Other genes mapped included a barley haze active protein (Robinson et al. 2007) on 3HS mapped using antisera screened by immunoblot on the Chebec x Harrington DH population. Suprunova et al. (2007) mapped Hsdr4 (Hordeum spontaneum dehydration-responsive 4) to 3HL between the SSR markers EBmac541 and EBmag705, using the population MA10-30 x WQ23-38, to a region that previously had been shown to affect osmotic adaptation in barley.
Several new reports of QTL on 3H were published during this reporting period including Fox et al. (2007) a grain hardness QTL on the distal end of 3HL using a population derived from a Patty x Tallon cross. Munoz-Amatriain et al. (2008) report a QTL for green plant percentage on anther culture that maps close to the SSR HVM60 in a cross between Igri and an albino producing line (DH46) selected from an Igri x Dobla cross. A major QTL for Russian Wheat aphid resistance major was mapped to 3H (in the region of EBmac541) using 191 F2 derived F3 families from the cross 'Morex'/STARS-9301B QTL Morex x STARS-9301B (Mittal et al. 2008). Li et al. (2008) mapped a waterlogging tolerance QTL using two populations (TX9425 x Franklin and Yerong x Franklin) that showed consistent QTL for leaf chlorosis near the centromeric region of the genetic map of 3H. Ullrich et al. (2008) mapped co-incident major preharvest sprouting and dormancy QTL in the Steptoe x Morex population including one in the centromeric region of 3H. The same region was the site of a minor QTL for dormancy in a Stirling x Harrington population (Bonnardeaeux et al. 2008).
Using an association genetics approach Comadran et al. (2008) found consistent QTL for yield in droughted environments in bin 4 on 3H. A similar region was found associated with adaptation to Mediterranean dryland conditions by von Korff et al. (2008) using RILs derived from the ER/Apm x Tadmor cross. QTL on 3H were found for several traits including days to heading, plant height and grain yield (von Korff et al. 2008).
References:
Bonnardeaux, Y., C. Li, R. Lance, X.Q. Zhang, K. Sivasithamparam, and R. Appels, 2008. Seed dormancy in barley: identifying superior genotypes through incorporating epistatic interactions. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59: 517-526.
Comadran, J., J.R. Russell, F.A. van Eeuwijk, S. Ceccarelli, S. Grando, M. Baum, A.M. Stanca, N. Pecchioni, A.M. Mastrangelo, T. Akar, A. Al-Yassin, A. Benbelkacem, W. Choumane, H. Ouabbou, R. Dahan, J. Bort, J.L. Araus, A. Pswarayi, I. Romagosa, C.A. Hackett, and W.T.B. Thomas, 2008. Mapping adaptation of barley to droughted environments. Euphytica 161: 35-45.
Fox, G.P., B. Osborne, J. Bowman, A. Kelly, M. Cakir, D. Poulsen, A. Inkerman, and R. Henry, 2007. Measurement of genetic and environmental variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain hardness. Journal of Cereal Science 46: 82-92.
Hu, P.S. and R.P. Wise, 2008. Diversification of Lrk/Tak kinase gene clusters is associated with subfunctionalization and cultivar-specific transcript accumulation in barley. Functional & Integrative Genomics 8: 199-209.
Lee, S.H. and S.M. Neate, 2007. Molecular mapping of Rsp1, Rsp2, and Rsp3 genes conferring resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley. Phytopathology 97: 155-161.
Li, H., R. Vaillancourt, N. Mendham, and M. Zhou, 2008. Comparative mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with waterlogging tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). BMC Genomics 9: 401.
Mittal, S., L.S. Dahleen, and D. Mornhinweg, 2008. Locations of quantitative trait loci conferring Russian wheat aphid resistance in barley germplasm STARS-9301B. Crop Science 48: 1452-1458.
Munoz-Amatriain, M., A.M. Castillo, X.W. Chen, L. Cistue, and M.P. Valles, 2008. Identification and validation of QTLs for green plant percentage in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) anther culture. Molecular Breeding 22: 119-129.
Potokina, E., A. Druka, Z.W. Luo, R. Wise, R. Waugh, and M. Kearsey, 2008. Gene expression quantitative trait locus analysis of 16,000 barley genes reveals a complex pattern of genome-wide transcriptional regulation. Plant Journal 53: 90-101.
Robinson, L.H., P. Healy, D.C. Stewart, J.K. Eglinton, C.M. Ford, and D.E. Evans, 2007. The identification of a barley haze active protein that influences beer haze stability: The genetic basis of a barley malt haze active protein. Journal of Cereal Science 45: 335-342.
Suprunova, T., T. Krugman, A. Distelfeld, T. Fahima, E. Nevo, and A. Korol, 2007. Identification of a novel gene (Hsdr4) involved in water-stress tolerance in wild barley. Plant Molecular Biology 64: 17-34.
Tyrka, M., D. Perovic, A. Wardynska, and F. Ordon, 2008. A new diagnostic SSR marker for selection of the Rym4/Rym5 locus in barley breeding. Journal of Applied Genetics 49: 127-134.
Ullrich, S.E., J.A. Clancy, I.A. del Blanco, H. Lee, V.A. Jitkov, F. Han, A. Kleinhofs, and K. Matsui, 2008. Genetic analysis of preharvest sprouting in a six-row barley cross. Molecular Breeding 21: 249-259.
von Korff, M., S. Grando, A. Del Greco, D. This, M. Baum, and S. Ceccarelli, 2008. Quantitative trait loci associated with adaptation to Mediterranean dryland conditions in barley. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 117: 653-669.
Yan, G.P. and X.M. Chen, 2007. Molecular mapping of the rps1.a recessive gene for resistance to stripe rust in BBA 2890 barley. Phytopathology 97 668-673.
Coordinators Report: Chromosome 4H.
Arnis Druka
Genetics Programme
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:Arnis.Druka@scri.sari.ac.uk" Arnis.Druka@scri.sari.ac.uk
Several papers that mention genes and QTLs specifically on chromosome 4H have been published in 2007 - 2008.
Schmalenbach et al., 2008 report development of a set of 59 spring barley introgression lines (ILs) from the advanced backcross population S42. The ILs were generated by three rounds of backcrossing, two to four subsequent selfings, and, in parallel, marker-assisted selection. Each line includes a single marker-defined chromosomal segment of the wild barley accession ISR42-8 (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum), whereas the remaining part of the genome is derived from the elite barley cultivar Scarlett (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare). Based on a map containing 98 SSR markers, the IL set covers so far 86.6% (1041.5 cM) of the donor genome. Each single line contains an average exotic introgression of 39.2 cM, representing 3.2% of the exotic genome. The set was used to map QTLs controlling resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei L.) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei L.). The strongest favorable effects were mapped to regions 1H, 0-85 cM and 4H, 125-170 cM, where susceptibility to powdery mildew and leaf rust was decreased by 66.1 and 34.7%, respectively, compared to the recurrent parent.
Grewal et al., 2007 described mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with net blotch resistance in a doubled-haploid (DH) barley population using diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. One hundred and fifty DH lines from the cross CDC Dolly (susceptible)/TR251 (resistant) were screened as seedlings in controlled environments with net-form net blotch (NFNB) isolates WRS858 and WRS1607 and spot-form net blotch (SFNB) isolate WRS857. The population was also screened at the adult-plant stage for NFNB resistance in the field in 2005 and 2006. A high-density genetic linkage map of 90 DH lines was constructed using 457 DArT and 11 SSR markers. A seedling resistance QTL (QRpts4) for the SFNB isolate WRS857 was detected on chromosome 4H. Three QTL (QRpt6, QRpts4, QRpt7) were associated with resistance to both net blotch forms and lines with one or more of these demonstrated improved resistance. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers tightly linked to QRpt6 and QRpts4 were identified and validated in an unrelated barley population.
Bilgic et al., 2007 report use of the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring - Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map 1257 barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. The genes were validated through comparison with our previous chromosome-based physical mapping, comparative in silico mapping with rice and wheat, and single feature polymorphism (SFP) analysis. It was found to be consistent with previous physical mapping to whole chromosomes. In silico comparative mapping of barley genes assigned to chromosome arms revealed that the average genomic synteny to wheat and rice chromosome arms was 63.2% and 65.5%, respectively. In the 1257 mapped genes, 924 SFPs were identified. A single small rearrangement event between rice chromosome 9 and barley chromosome 4H that accounts for the loss of synteny for several genes was also identified.
References:
Schmalenbach I., N. Krber, and K. Pillen. 2008. Selecting a set of wild barley introgression lines and verification of QTL effects for resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust. Theor Appl Genet. 117(7):1093-106.
Grewal T.S., B.G. Rossnagel, C.J. Pozniak, and G.J. Scoles. 2008. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with barley net blotch resistance. Theor Appl Genet. Feb;116(4):529-39.
Bilgic H., S. Cho, D.F. Garvin, and G.J. Muehlbauer. 2007. Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat-barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Genome. 50(10):898-906.
Chromosome 5H (7)
No report received.
Coordinators Report: Chromosome 6H
Victoria Carollo Blake
Montana State University
Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
e-mail: vblake@montana.edu
The last chromosome 6H report was submitted in 1999 ( HYPERLINK "http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/bgn/29/c29-08.html" http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/bgn/29/c29-08.html). Since then several genes have been characterized and QTL placed on 6H. This report will survey the 6H genes from Andy Kleinhofs Integrating Molecular and Morphological/Physiological Marker Maps and attempt to report on any significant mapping progress made since 2000.
Nar1 (NADH nitrate reductase) is included in 13 GrainGenes maps, with the RFLP MWG633/cMWG633 the closest molecular marker on Barley, Consensus 2005, SNP (GrainGenes Map_Data record name) (Rostoks et al., 2005) and Barley, Consensus 2006, Marcel (GrainGenes Map_Data record name) (Marcel et al., 2007). Several studies have related this gene to nitrate assimilation and most recently, Sicher and Bunce (2008) found barley (cv. Steptoe) with a mutant nar1 gene (90% lower expression) showed an elimination of the increase of glutamine, aspartate and alanine during the latter half of a photoperiod.
Rrs13, conferring resistance to Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf blotch, scald) is a member of a gene cluster on the short arm of 6H. A review by Zhan et al., 2008, explores gene-mediated resistance, disease epidemiology, describes sources of resistance in barley and places 10 disease-resistance QTL onto 6HS. Grewel et al. (2008) describe a major QTL, designated QRpt6 on 6H for net blotch resistance. In a Rika x Kombar DH population Abu-Qamar et al., 2008 showed segregation for at least two major recessive resistance genes, differing in resistance to different pathotypes of Pyrenophora teres f. tere. The NTNB resistance loci, named rpt.r and rpt.k mapped 1.8 cM apart and were flanked by the CAP marker ABC02895 and the locus detected by STS markers GBS0468 and ABC01797. In 2003 Le Gouis et al. characterized a gene for resistance to soil-borne barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) from the cultivar Chikurin Ibaraki, rym15, which mapped to 6H flanked by Bmag0173 and EBmac0874.
sex1, the shrunken endosperm xenia1 gene conferring high lysine was mapped between microsatellite markers GBM5012 and GBM1063 in a 4.2 cM interval near the centromere by Rder et al., (2006). The authors found an orthologous site on the rice chromosome 2 where the interval between regions with homology to the barley markers spans 4.1 Mb.
cul2, the uniculm2 mutation that causes plants to initiate vegetative axillary meristems but fail to develop tillers, and alters inflorescence morphology was genetically and morphologically characterized by Babb and Muehlbauer in 2003. They found that cul2 was epistatic to all other genes in this study that influence tillering. Linkage analysis placed cul2 between cMWG679/ABG458 ( 8 . 8 c M ) a n d K F P 1 2 8 ( 4 . 6 c M ) .
A m y 1 , t h e g e n e f o r - a m y l a s e i n b a r l e y i s i n c l u d e d o n 2 4 m a p s c u r r e n t l y i n G r a i n G e n e s , a n d i s i n c l u d e d i n Q T L f o r - a m y l a s e a c t i v i t y i n C h e b e c x H a r r i n g t o n a n d H a r r i n g t o n x T R 3 0 6 ( C o v e n t r y e t a l . , 2 0 0 3 ) . S u z u k i e t a l . , i n 2 0 0 5 s h o w e d t h a t G i b b e r e l l i n ( G A ) b i o s y n t h e s i s i n t h e e p i t h e l i u m o f g e r m i n a t i n g s e e d s i s i m p o r t a n t f o r - a m y l a s e e x p r e s s i o n a n d c l o n e d H v G A 3 o x 2 , w h i c h e n c o d e s t h e k e y e n z y m e . A n o t h e r r e g i o n o n 6 H i m p o r t a n t f o r m a l t q u a l i t y i s a Q T L f o r g r a i n p r o t e i n c o n t e n t (Qgpc6H). This was first described by See et al. in 2002 who mapped the low protein gene contributed by the cultivar Karl (CIho 15487) on the satellite of 6H near the anchor markers abg458, hvm74 and mwg2029. Work on this region by Distelfeld et al. in 2008 found colinearity between the barley grain protein content QTL and the wheat Gpc-B1 region and suggested that the barley NAC transcription factor is responsible for the protein content trait.
Perovic et al. (2007) mapped nine members of a multigene family for nicotianamine synthase (NAS) in barley, three of which fell on 6H. Nicotianamine works as a chelator for iron and other heavy metals. Co-linearity with rice suggests that this gene went through at least one duplication event prior to the divergence of barley and rice.
References:
Abu Qamar, M., Z.H. Liu, J.D. Faris, S. Chao, M.C. Edwards, Z. Lai, J.D. Franckowiak, and T.L. Friesen. 2008. A region of the barley chromosome 6H harbors multiple major genes associated with net type net blotch resistance. Theor Appl Gen. In press.
Babb, S. and G.J. Muehlbauer. 2003. Genetic and morphological characterization of the barley uniculm2 (cul2) mutant. Theor. Appl. Gen. 106:846-857.
Coventry, S.J., H.M. Collins, A.M. Barr, S.P. Jefferies, K.J. Chalmers, S.J: Logue, and P. Langridge. 2003. Use of putative QTLs and structural genes in marker assisted selection for diastatic power in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Aust. J. Agr. Res. 54:1241-1250.
Distelfeld, A., A. Korol, J. Dubcovsky, C. Uauy, T. Blake, and T. Fahima. 2008. Colinearity between the barley grain protein content (GPC) QTL on chromosome arm 6HS and the wheat Gpc-B1 region. Mol. Breed. 22:25-38.
Grewal, T.S., B.G. Rossnagel, C.J. Pozniak, and G.J. Scoles. 2007. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with barley net blotch resistance. Theor Appl Gen 116: 529-539.
Le Gouis, J., P. Devaux, K. Werner, D. Hariri, N. Bahrman, D. Bghin, and F. Ordon 2004. rym15from the Japanese cultivar Chikurin Ibaraki 1 is a new barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) resistance gene mapped on chromosome 6H. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:1521-1525.
Marcel, T.C., R.K. Varshney, M. Barbieri, H. Jafary, M.J.D. de Kock, A. Graner, and R.E. Niks. 2007. A high-density consensus map of barley to compare the distribution of QTLs for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei and of defence gene homologues. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114-487-500.
Perovic, D., P. Tiffin, D. Douchkov, H. Bumlein, and A. Graner. 2007. An integrated approach for the comparative analysis of a multigene family: The nicotianamine synthase genes of barley. Funct. Int. Gen. 7:169-179.
Rder, M.S., C. Kaiser, and W. Weschke. 2006. Molecular mapping of the shrunken endosperm genes seg2 and sex1 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genome 49:1209-1214.
Rostoks, N., S. Mudie, L. Cardle, J. Russell, L. Ramsay, A. Booth, J.T. Svensson, S.I. Wanamaker, H. Walia, E.M. Rodriguez, P.E. Hedley, H. Liu, J. Morris, T.J. Close, D.F. Marshall, and R.F. Waugh. 2005. Genome-wide SNP discovery and linkage analysis in barley based on genes responsive to abiotic stress. Mol Genet Genomics 274:515-527.
See, D., V. Kanazin, K. Kephart, and T. Blake. 2002. Mapping genes controlling variation in barley grain protein concentration. Crop Sci.. 42:680-685.
Sicher, R.C. and J.A. Bunce. 2008. Growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen partitioning and responses to CO2 enrichment in a barley mutant lacking NADH-dependent nitrate reductase activity. Physol. Plant. 134:31-40.
Suzuki, H., K. Ishiyama, M. Kobayashi, and T. Ogawa. 2005. Specific expression of the gibberellin 3-hydroxylase gene, HvGA3ox2, in the epithelium is important for Amy1 expression in germinating barley seeds. Plant Biotech 22:195-200.
von Korff, M., H. Wang, J. Lon, and K. Pillen. 2008. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley: III. Identification of exotic alleles for the improvement of malting quality in spring barley (H. vulgare ssp. Spontaneum) Mol. Breed. 21:81-93.
Werner, K., W. Friedt, and F. Ordon. 2007. Localisation and combination of resistance genes against soil-borne viruses of barley (BaMMV, BaYMV) using doubled haploids and molecular markers. Euphytica 158:323-329.
Zhan, J., B.D.L. Fitt, H.O. Pinnschmidt, S.J.P. Oxley, and A.C. Newton. 2008. Resistance, epidemiology and sustainable management of Rhynchosporium secalis populations on barley. Plant Phys. 57:1-14.
Coordinators Report: Chromosome 7H
Lynn S. Dahleen
USDA-Agricultural Research Service
Fargo, ND 58105, USA
e-mail: Lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov
Research on mapping markers and genes continued at a rapid pace in 2007. Five high density marker maps were published along with detailed marker information. Varshney et al. (2007) developed a consensus simple sequence repeat (SSR) map using six mapping populations. The chromosome 7H map contained 127 markers in 157.1 cM for a marker density of 1.24. The supplementary information provided with the paper gives primer sequences and protocols for most of the markers on the map. Hearnden et al (2007) created a map from a cross between cultivated and wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) using 1000 SSR and DArT markers. They mapped 164 markers to chromosome 7H including 82 SSRs. The two largest marker gaps also were on chromosome 7H. The third consensus map (Wenzl et al. 2007) combined DArT, SSR, RFLP and STS markers and data from ten mapping populations. The map contained 501 markers on chromosome 7H, including 373 DArT markers. The map created by Stein et al. (2007) combined EST-based markers and anchor markers and data from three mapping populations. The integrated map contained 165 loci on chromosome 7H. The fifth high density map published in 2007 was created by Marcel et al. (2007) and included five mapping populations. Approximately 50 loci were located on chromosome 7H. This map was used to locate QTL for partial resistance to leaf rust. They show three Rph loci on this chromosome, two for seedling resistance and one for adult plant resistance.
Adult plant resistance to the net form of net blotch was mapped by Lehmensiek et al. (2007) in three Australian barley populations. They found two QTL, one on each end of chromosome 7H, that had rather small effects compared to loci on other chromosomes. Shtaya et al. (2007) examined leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in 23 recombinant lines containing sections of H. bulbosum chromosomes. Seven of the lines contained H. bulbosum regions introgressed into chromosome 7H. Several of these lines showed resistance to races of one or both of the pathogens.
Seed traits were examined in three studies. Hori et al. (2007) located QTL for seed dormancy in eight segregating populations. Two loci were located on chromosome 7H, one near the centromere and one on the long arm. In the second QTL, greater dormancy was contributed by the non-dormant parent. Ullrich et al. (2008) confirmed a QTL previously identified for dormancy and alpha-amylase activity on chromosome 7H that was also associated with preharvest sprouting. Fox et al. (2007) located regions associated with grain hardness using multiple methods. They found four loci on chromosome 7H, with all loci detected by at least two methods.
Malting quality QTL were located in two populations by Panozzo et al. (2007) to identify linked markers for selection. They found QTL for hot water extract, diastatic power, alpha-amylase, protein, viscosity, beta-glucans and free alpha-amino acid content on chromosome 7H. von Korff et al. (2008) also looked a malting quality traits in an advanced backcross population from a cross between cultivated and wild barley. They located a QTL for fine-grind extract and for Hartong 45C on chromosome 7H plus three QTL for friability. Some of the favorable alleles were from the H. spontaneum parent.
The FLOWERING LOCUS T-line gene family was mapped in barley by Faure et al. (2007). This family consists of five genes, including one, HvFT1, which was located on the short arm of chromosome 7H. Four genes involved in root hair formation were mapped by Janiak and Szarejko (2007). The locus responsible for the lack of root hairs rhl1 was located on the short arm of chromosome 7H, proximal to the centromere.
Bilgic et al. (2007) used the wheat-barley ditelosomic addition lines on the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip to physically map barley genes to chromosome arms. Out of the 1257 genes located to chromosome arms, 119 were mapped to chromosome 7HS and 131 to 7HL. Of these, 60-63.8% showed synteny with wheat. Chromosome arm 7HS was syntenic to rice chromosomes 6S and 8L and the long arm was syntenic to rice chromosomes 6L and 8S. Single feature polymorphisms were detected in 65-79% of the chromosome 7H transcripts.
References:
Bilgic, H., S. Cho, D.F. Garvin, and G.J. Muehlbauer. 2007. Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat-barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Genome 50:898-906.
Faure, S., J. Higgins, A. Turner, and D.A. Laurie. 2007. The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176:599-609.
Fox, G.P., B. Osborne, J. Bowman, A. Kelly, M. Cakir, D. Poulsen, A. Inkerman, and R. Henry. 2007. Measurement of genetic and environmental variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain hardness. J. Cereal Sci. 46:82-92.
Hearnden, P.R., P.J. Eckermann, G.L. McMichael, M.J. Hayden, J.K. Eglinton, and K.J. Chalmers. 2007. A genetic map of 1,000 SSR and DArT markers in a wide barley cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 115:383-391.
Hori, K., K. Sato, and K. Takeda. 2007. Detection of seed dormancy QTL in multiple mapping populations derived from crosses involving novel barley germplasm. Theor. Appl. Genet. 115:869-876.
Janiak, A. and I. Szarejko. 2007. Molecular mapping of genes involved in root hair formation in barley. Euphytica 157:95-111.
Korff, M. von, H. Wang, J. Leon, and K. Pillen. 2008. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley: III. Identification of exotic alleles for the improvement of malting quality in spring barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Mol. Breeding 21:81-93.
Lehmensiek, A., G.J. Platz, E. Mace, D. Poulsen, and M.W. Sutherland. 2007. Mapping of adult plant resistance to net form of net blotch in three Australian barley populations. Australian J. Agric. Res. 58:1191-1197.
Marcel, T.C.. R.K. Varshney, M. Barbieri, H. Jafary, M.J.D. de Kock, A. Graner, and R.E. Niks. 2007. A high-density consensus map of barley to compare the distribution of QTLs for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei and of defence gene homologues. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114:487-500.
Panozzo, J.F., P.J. Eckermann, D.E. Mather, D.B. Moody, C.K. Black, H.M. Collins, A.R. Barr, P. Lim, and B.R. Cullis. 2007. QTL analysis of malting quality traits in two barley populations. Australian J. Agric. Res. 58:858-866.
Shtaya, M.J.Y., J.C. Sillero, K. Flath, R. Pickering, and D. Rubiales. 2007. The resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew of recombinant lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) derived from H. vulgare x H. bulbosum crosses. Plant Breeding 126:259-267.
Stein, N., M. Prasad, U. Scholz, T. Theil, H. Zhang, M. Wolf, R. Kota, R.K. Varshney, D. Perovic, I. Grosse, and A. Graner. 2007. A 1,000-loci transcript map of the barley genome: new anchoring points for integrative grass genomics. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114:823-839.
Ullrich, S.E., J.A. Clancy, I.A. del Blanco, H. Lee, V.A. Jitkov, F. Han, A. Kleinhofs, and K. Matsui. 2008. Genetic analysis of preharvest sprouting in a six-row barley cross. Mol. Breeding 21:249-259.
Varshney, R.K., T.C. Marcel, L. Ramsay, J. Russell, M.S. Rder, N. Stein, R. Waugh, P. Langridge, R.E. Niks, and A. Graner. 2007. A high density barley microsatellite consensus map with 775 SSR loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 114:1091-1103.
Wenzl, P., H. Li, J. Carling, M. Zhou, H. Raman, E. Paul, P. Hearnden, C. Maier, L. Xia, V. Caig, J. Ovesna, M. Cakir, D. Poulsen, J. Wang, R. Raman, K.P. Smith, G.J. Muehlbauer, K.J. Chalmers, A. Kleinhofs, E. Huttner, and A. Kilian. 2007. A high-density consensus map of barley linking DArT markers to SSR, RFLP and STS loci and agricultural traits. BMC Genomics 7:206. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-206.
Integration of molecular and morphological marker maps.
No report received.
Barley Genetics Stock Center
Harold Bockelman
USDA-ARS
National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility
1691 S, 2700 W.
Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
e-mail: nsgchb@ars-grin.gov
Recent Additions to the Barley Genetic Stock Collection in the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection.
In the past year a total of 166 accessions were added to the collection with accession numbers GSHO 3435 to 3600, shown in Table 1. Descriptions of these accessions are available on the GRIN database: HYPERLINK "http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs" http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs.
Table 1. Barley Genetic Stock Collection Additions in 2007-2008.
GSHO numberMutant typeCountry of originDistrict of originGSHO3435T1-6aiGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3436T1-7aoGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3437T2-5ahGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3438T2-6aqGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3439T2-7ajGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3440T3-4aeGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3441T3-7axGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3442T3-7aaaGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3443T5-6afGermanySaxony-AnhaltGSHO3444Mla.1.GermanyGSHO3445Mla.13.GermanyGSHO3446Mlp.GermanyGSHO3447mlo.5.GermanyGSHO3448MlL.aGermanyGSHO3449MlhGermanyGSHO3450Multiple dominant marker stockCanadaAlbertaGSHO3451Multiple recessive marker stockCanadaAlbertaGSHO3452T4-5qSwedenGSHO3453T4-5rSwedenGSHO3454T4-5sSwedenGSHO3455T4-5tSwedenGSHO3456T4-5uSwedenGSHO3457T4-5vSwedenGSHO3458T4-5wSwedenGSHO3459T4-5xSwedenGSHO3460T4-5ySwedenGSHO3461T4-5zSwedenGSHO3462T4-5aaSwedenGSHO3463T4-5abSwedenGSHO3464T4-6aSweden
Table 1. contin.
GSHO numberMutant typeCountry of originDistrict of originGSHO3465T4-6bSwedenGSHO3466T4-6cSwedenGSHO3467T4-6dSwedenGSHO3468T4-6eSwedenGSHO3469T4-6fSwedenGSHO3470T4-6gSwedenGSHO3471T4-6hSwedenGSHO3472T4-6iUnited StatesColoradoGSHO3473T4-6jGermanyBavariaGSHO3474T4-6kGermanyBavariaGSHO3475T4-6lSwedenGSHO3476T4-6mSwedenGSHO3477T4-6nSwedenGSHO3478T4-6oSwedenGSHO3479T4-6pSwedenGSHO3480T4-6qSwedenGSHO3481T4-6rSwedenGSHO3482T4-6sSwedenGSHO3483T4-6tSwedenGSHO3484T4-6uSwedenGSHO3485T4-6vSwedenGSHO3486T4-7aSwedenGSHO3487T4-7bSwedenGSHO3488T4-7cUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3489T4-7dUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3490T4-7eUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3491T4-7fSwedenGSHO3492T4-7gSwedenGSHO3493T4-7hUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3494T4-7iGermanyBavariaGSHO3495T4-7jSwedenGSHO3496T4-7kSwedenGSHO3497T4-7lSwedenGSHO3498T4-7mSwedenGSHO3499T4-7nSwedenGSHO3500T4-7oSwedenGSHO3501T4-7pSwedenGSHO3502T4-7qSwedenGSHO3503T4-7rSwedenGSHO3504T4-7sSwedenGSHO3505T5-6aSwedenGSHO3506T5-6bSwedenGSHO3507T5-6cSwedenGSHO3508T5-6dUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3509T5-6eSwedenGSHO3510T5-6fSwedenGSHO3511T5-6gSwedenGSHO3512T5-6hSwedenGSHO3513T5-6iGermanyBavariaTable 1. contin.
GSHO numberMutant typeCountry of originDistrict of originGSHO3514T5-6jSwedenGSHO3515T5-6kSwedenGSHO3516T5-6lSwedenGSHO3517T5-6mSwedenGSHO3518T5-6nSwedenGSHO3519T5-6oSwedenGSHO3520T5-6pSwedenGSHO3521T5-6qSwedenGSHO3522T5-6rSwedenGSHO3523T5-6sSwedenGSHO3524T5-6tSwedenGSHO3525T5-6uSwedenGSHO3526T5-6vSwedenGSHO3527T5-7aUnited StatesMinnesotaGSHO3528T5-7bSwedenGSHO3529T5-7cCanadaManitobaGSHO3530T5-7dSwedenGSHO3531T5-7eSwedenGSHO3532T5-7fSwedenGSHO3533T5-7gSwedenGSHO3534T5-7hSwedenGSHO3535T5-7iSwedenGSHO3536T5-7jSwedenGSHO3537T5-7kGermanyBavariaGSHO3538T5-7lGermanyBavariaGSHO3539T5-7mSwedenGSHO3540T5-7nSwedenGSHO3541T5-7oSwedenGSHO3542T5-7pSwedenGSHO3543T5-7qSwedenGSHO3544T5-7rSwedenGSHO3545T5-7sSwedenGSHO3546T5-7tSwedenGSHO3547T5-7uSwedenGSHO3548T5-7vSwedenGSHO3549T5-7wSwedenGSHO3550T5-7xSwedenGSHO3551T5-7ySwedenGSHO3552T5-7zSwedenGSHO3553T5-7aaSwedenGSHO3554T6-7aSwedenGSHO3555T6-7bSwedenGSHO3556T6-7cSwedenGSHO3557T6-7dSwedenGSHO3558T6-7eUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3559T6-7fUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3560T6-7gUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3561T6-7hSwedenGSHO3562T6-7iSwedenGSHO3563T6-7jSwedenTable 1. contin.
GSHO numberMutant typeCountry of originDistrict of originGSHO3564T6-7kSwedenGSHO3565T6-7lSwedenGSHO3566T6-7mSwedenGSHO3567T6-7nSwedenGSHO3568T6-7oUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3569T6-7pUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3570T6-7qUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3571T6-7rUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3572T6-7sUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3573T6-7tGermanyBavariaGSHO3574T6-7uGermanyBavariaGSHO3575T6-7vSwedenGSHO3576T6-7wSwedenGSHO3577T6-7xSwedenGSHO3578T6-7ySwedenGSHO3579T6-7zSwedenGSHO3580T6-7aaSwedenGSHO3581T6-7abSwedenGSHO3582T6-7acSwedenGSHO3583T6-7adSwedenGSHO3584T6-7aeSwedenGSHO3585T6-7afSwedenGSHO3586T6-7agSwedenGSHO3587T6-7ahSwedenGSHO3588T6-7aiSwedenGSHO3589T6-7ajSwedenGSHO3590T6-7akSwedenGSHO3591T6-7alSwedenGSHO3592T6-7amSwedenGSHO3593T6-7anSwedenGSHO3594T6-7aoSwedenGSHO3595T6-7apSwedenGSHO3596T6-7aqUnited StatesArizonaGSHO3597Mutant 1661SwedenUppsalaGSHO3598Mutant 2721SwedenUppsalaGSHO3599Mutant 3091SwedenUppsalaGSHO3600Mutant 3550SwedenUppsala
References:
HYPERLINK "http://ace.untamo.net/bgs" http://ace.untamo.net/bgs
HYPERLINK "http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs" http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs
Wright, S.A.I., M. Azarang, and A.B. Falk. 2007. Four new barley mutants. Barley Genetics Newsletter 37:34-36.
Coordinators report: Translocations and
balanced tertiary trisomics
Andreas Houben
Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
DE-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
email: HYPERLINK "mailto:houben@ipk-gatersleben.de" houben@ipk-gatersleben.de
Prof. M. Molnar-Lang and colleagues succeeded in developing translocation lines by inducing homologous chromosome pairing in a 4H(4D) wheat-barley substitution line previously developed in Martonvasar (Sepsi et al., 2006). It was hoped to incorporate various segments of the barley 4H chromosome from the 4H(4D) substitution into wheat. Observations were made on the frequency with which wheat-barley translocations appeared in the F-2 progeny grains from a cross between the line CO4-1, which carries the Ph suppressor gene from Aegilops speltoides and thus induces a high level of homologous chromosome pairing, and the 4H(4D) wheat-barley substitution line, and on which chromosome segments were involved in the translocations. Of the 117 plants examined, three (2.4%) were found to contain translocations. A total of four translocations were observed, as one plant contained two different translocations. The translocations consisted of one centric fusion, two dicentric translocations and one acrocentric chromosome.
Prof. K. Gecheff (Institute of Genetics, Sofia, Bulgaria) kindly donated 42 homozygous single translocation lines produced by gamma-irradiation of spring two-rowed barley variety Freya. All lines are precisely characterized with respect to the chromosomal localization of the translocation break points (Gecheff, 1996).
The collection is being maintained in cold storage. To the best knowledge of the coordinator, there are no new publications dealing with balanced tertiary trisomics in barley. Limited seed samples are available any time, and requests can be made to the coordinator.
Reference:
Gecheff, K. I., 1996. Production and identification of new structural chromosome mutations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 92:777-781
Sepsi, A., K. Nemeth, I. Molnar, E. Szakacs, and M. Molnar-Lang. 2006. Induction of chromosome rearrangements in a 4H(4D) wheat-barley substitution using a wheat line containing a Ph suppressor gene. Cereal Research Communications 34: 1215-1222
Trisomic and aneuploid stocks
No report received
Coordinators report: Autotetraploids
Wolfgang Friedt, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding I.
Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32
DE-35392 Giessen, Germany
e-mail: HYPERLINK mailto:wolfgang.friedt@agrar.uni-giessen.de wolfgang.friedt@agrar.uni-giessen.de
Fax: +49(0)641-9937429
The collection of barley autotetraploids (exclusively spring types) described in former issues of BGN is maintained at the Giessen Field Experiment Station of our institute. The set of stocks, i.e. autotetraploids (4n) and corresponding diploid (2n) progenitors (if available) have last been grown in the field for seed multiplication in summer 2000. Limited seed samples of the stocks are available for distribution.
Coordinators report: Eceriferum genes
Udda Lundqvist
Nordic Genetic Resource Center
P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org
No research work on gene localization has been reported on the collections of Eceriferum and Glossy genes. All descriptions in Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN) Volume 26 are valid and still up-to-date. Several ones are revised especially in BGN 37, All Swedish Eceriferum alleles can be found in the SESTO database information system of the Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Sweden. Descriptions, images and graphic chromosome map displays of these genes are available in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks with its address found by: HYPERLINK "http://www.untamo.net/bgs" www.untamo.net/bgs . It gets updated continouosly and also searchable through the Triticeae database GrainGenes.
Every research of interest in the field and literature references of these genes can be reported to the coordinator as well. Seed requests regarding the Swedish mutant alleles can be forwarded to the coordinator HYPERLINK "mailto:udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org or to the Nordic Genetic Resource Center, HYPERLINK "http://www.nordgen.org/ngb" www.nordgen.org/ngb , all the others to the Small Grain Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA, HYPERLINK "mailto:nsgchb@ars-grin.gov" nsgchb@ars-grin.gov or to the coordinator at any time.
Coordinators report: Nuclear genes affecting the chloroplast
Mats Hansson
Carlsberg Laboratory,
Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10,
DK-2500 Valby,
Copenhagen, Denmark
E-mail: mats@crc.dk
Barley mutants deficient in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are easily distinguished from wild type plants by their deviant colour. Therefore, chlorophyll mutants have often been used to optimise and calibrate mutagenesis methods (Lundqvist 1992). Chlorophyll mutants have been named albina, xantha, viridis, chlorina, tigrina and striata depending on their colour and colour pattern. In the albina mutants the leaves are completely white due to lack of both chlorophyll and carotene pigments. The xantha mutants are yellow and produce carotene, but no chlorophyll. The chlorina and viridis mutants are both pale green, but differ in chlorina being viable. The tigrina and striata mutants are stripped transverse and along the leaves, respectively.
Frigerio et al. (2007) utilized the viridis-zb.63 mutant to study the transcription and accumulation of light-harvesting complexes in barley. In viridis-zb.62 the photosystem I is depleted and the plastoquinone pool is constitutively reduced. They showed that that the mRNA level of all photosynthesis-related genes including genes encoding antenna proteins are almost unaffected in the mutant. In contrast, analysis of protein accumulation showed that the mutant undergoes strong reduction of its antenna size, with individual gene products having different levels of accumulation. They conclude that the plastoquinone redox state plays an important role in the long term regulation of chloroplast protein expression, but its modulation is active at the post-transcriptional rather than transcriptional level.
Zakhrabekova et al. (2007) evaluated the possibility to clone genes deficient in barley mutants by a microarray approach. In their study barley mutants xantha-h.57 and xantha-f.27 were used in combination with the Affymetrix microarray platform. Both xantha-h.57 and xantha-f.27 are deficient in the chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme magnesium chelatase, but in different genes encoding two of the three subunits of this very complex enzyme. Mutant xantha-h.57 produces no Xantha-h mRNA whereas in xantha-f.27 the nonsense mutation in the last exon of the gene, results in nonsense-mediated decay of Xantha-f mRNA. Among the 22,792 probe sets arrayed on the Affymetrix chip, the Xantha-h and Xantha-f genes were possible to highlight in a competitive analysis between xantha-h.57 and xantha-f.27. It was concluded that it should be possible to use the approach of combining the Affymetrix platform with phenotypically similar mutants in order to clone genes only known through their mutant phenotype.
The stock list of barley mutants defective in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development is found elsewhere in the issue of BGN 37 and at
http://www.mps.lu.se/fileadmin/mps/People/Hansson/Barley_mutants_web.pdf
Lundqvist, U. 1992. Mutation research in barley. PhD Thesis. The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Svalv. Available from
http://www.mps.lu.se/fileadmin/mps/People/Hansson/Uddas_thesis.pdf
New references:
Frigerio, S., C. Campoli, S. Zorzan, L. I. Fantoni, C. Crosatti, F. Drepper, W. Haehnel, L. Cattivelli, T. Morosinotto and R. Bassi. 2007. Photosynthetic antenna size in higher plants is controlled by the plastoquinone redox state at the post-transcriptional rather than transcriptional level. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 29457-29469.
Zakhrabekova, S., S. P. Gough, U. Lundqvist and M. Hansson. 2007. Comparing two microarray platforms for identifying mutated genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 45: 617-622.
Coordinators report: The Genetic Male
Sterile Barley Collection
M.C. Therrien
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Brandon Research Centre
Box 1000A, RR#3, Brandon, MB
Canada R7A 5Y3
E-mail: MTherrien@agr.gc.ca
The GMSBC has been at Brandon since 1992. If there are any new sources of male-sterile genes that you are aware of, please advise me, as this would be a good time to add any new source to the collection. For a list of the entries in the collection, simply E-mail me at the above address. I can send the file (14Mb) in Excel format. We continue to store the collection at -20oC and will have small (5 g) samples available for the asking. Since I have not received any reports or requests the last years, there is absolutely no summary in my report.
Coordinators report: Early maturity and
Praematurum genes
Udda Lundqvist
Nordic Genetic Resource Center
P-O. Box 41
SE-23 053 Alnarp, Sweden
e-mail: udda@nordgen.org
Not much new research on gene localization has been reported on the Early maturity or Praematurum genes since the latest reports in Barley Genetic Newsletter (BGN) or in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks.
All information and descriptions made in the Barley Genetics Newsletter are valid and still up-to-date. Some of them are revised especially in BGN 37. All the Swedish Praematurum genes with its alleles can be found in the SESTO database information system of the Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Sweden. Descriptions, images and graphic chromosome map displays of these early maturity or Praematurum genes are available in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks with its address found by: HYPERLINK "http://www.untamo.net/bgs" www.untamo.net/bgs . It gets updated continuously and also searchable through the Triticeae database GrainGenes.
Every research of interest in the field and literature references of these genes can be reported to the coordinator as well. Seed requests regarding the Swedish mutant alleles can be forwarded to the coordinator or directly to the Nordic Genetic Resource Center, www.nordgen.org/ngb, all others to the Small Grain Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA, HYPERLINK "mailto:nsgchb@ars-grin.gov" nsgchb@ars-grin.gov or to the coordinator at any time.
Coordinators report: Ear morphology genes
Udda Lundqvist
Nordic Genetic Resource Center
P.O. Box 41, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org
Since the last report in Barley Genetics Newsletter several descriptions on morphological ear genes have been revised and updated and one new description on the Double seed 1 (dub1) gene has been performed (Dahleen et al. 2007). New developmental mutants as a guide to the barley phytomer were studied where several ear motphological genes were included (Forster et al. 2007, Franckowiak et al. 2008). All ear morphological genes are backcrossed to the cultivar Bowman and are available with special GSHO numbers.
All earlier descriptions in the Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN) volumes 26, 28, 29, 32, 35 and 37 are up-to-date and valid. They are also updated in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks and searchable with its address found by: HYPERLINK "http://www.untamo.net/bgs" www.untamo.net/bgs
Every research in the field and literature references of these genes can be reported to the coordinator as well. Seed requests regarding the Swedish mutant alleles can be forwarded to the coordinator HYPERLINK "mailto:udda@nordgen.org" udda@nordgen.org or to the Nordic Genetic Resource Center, HYPERLINK "http://www.nordgen.org/ngb" www.nordgen.org/ngb , regarding all the others and the Bowman near isogenic lines to the Small Grain Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA, HYPERLINK "mailto:nsgch@ars-grin.gov" nsgch@ars-grin.gov or to the coordinator at any time.
References:
Forster, B.P., J.D. Franckowiak, U. Lundqvist, J. Lyon, L. Pitkethly, and W.T.B. Thomas. 2007. The barley phytomer. Annals of Botany 100: 725-733.
Franckowiak, J.D., B.P. Forster, U. Lundqvist, J. Lyon, I. Pitkethly, and W.T.B. Thomas. 2008. Developmental Mutants as a Guide to the Barley Phytomer. Proc. Xth Intern. Barley Genet. Symp. 5.-10. April 2008, Alexandria Egypt. (in press).
Coordinators report : Wheat-barley genetic stocks
A.K.M.R. Islam
Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Wine,
The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus,
Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
e-mail: rislam@waite.adelaide.edu.au
The production of five different disomic addition lines (1Hm, 2Hm, 4Hm, 5Hm and 7Hm) of Hordeum marinum chromosomes to Chinese Spring wheat has been reported earlier. It has now been possible to isolate a disomic addition for chromosome 6Hm. Amphiploids between H. marinum and commercial spring wheats have been reported earlier. Amphiploids of H. marinum with winter wheats have also been produced in the mean time. These amphiploids show better waterlogging and salt tolerance than wheat parents (Islam and Colmer, unpublished).
Reference:
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Coordinators report: Semidwarf genes
J.D. Franckowiak
Hermitage Research Station
Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
e-mail: jerome.franckowiak@dpi.qld.gpv.au
Using the DNA sequence of rice mutants at the gibberellin (GA) insensitive dwarf 1 (Gid1) locus, a GA receptor, Chandler et al. (2008) demonstrated that the putative orthologue from barley is the GA sensitivity 1 (gse1) locus. Of 35 gse1 mutants evaluated, 16 carried different unique nucleotide substitution in this sequence. Study of maximal daily elongation rate (LERmax) of the first leaf of germinated grains with different GA treatments revealed considerable variation in LERmax values, which related closely to the degree of dwarfing observed during plant growth. The gse1 mutants and their GA responses were previous described by Chandler and Robertson (1999). The gsela mutant was characterized by low alpha-amylase levels, but the mutant was re responsive to GA treatments (Chandler and Robertson, 1999). The study of individual gse1 mutants demonstrated some response differences among the gse1 mutants examined (Chandler et al., 2008).
Willige et al. (2007) reported that the DELLA domain of GA insensitive of barley mutants at the slender 1 (sln1) locus suppress GA responses These mutant genes and similar mutants of maize and wheat mutants, when introduced into Arabidopsis, conferred GA insensitivity. The sln1 mutants in barley were previously described by Chandler et al. (2002).
Chandler, P.M., C.A. Harding, A.R. Ashton, M.D. Mulcair, N.E. Dixon and L.N. Mander. 2008. Characterization of gibberellin receptor mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Molecular Plant 1:285-294.
Chandler, P.M., A. Marion-Poll, M. Ellis and F. Gubler. 2002. Mutants at the Slender1 locus of barley cv. Himalaya. Molecular and physiological characterization. Plant Physiol. 129: 181-190.
Chandler, PM, and M. Robertson. 1999. Gibberellin doseresponse curves and the characterization of dwarf mutants of barley. Plant Physiol 120:623-632.
Willige, B.C., S. Ghosh, C. Nill, M. Zourelidou, E.M.N. Dohmann, A. Maier and C. Schwechheimer. 2007. The DELLA domain of GA INSENSITIVE mediates the interaction with the GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1A gibberellin receptor of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19:1209-1220.
Barley Genetics Newsletter (2008) 38:103-133
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