Minnesota
Barley Rusts in the United States in
2009
D.L.
Long1, Y. Jin1, M.E. Hughes1, J. A. Kolmer1, L.A.
Wanschura1 and B.J. Steffenson2.
1Cereal
Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS and 2Department of Plant Pathology,
University of Minnesota
Barley stem rust. On April 20, low levels of stem rust were found in
irrigated barley plots at the Castroville nursery in south Texas and barley
grown as a windbreak between watermelon rows in southern Texas. Race QFCSC of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici was identified. On July 13, low levels of barley stem rust,
due to race QFCSC, were found on the susceptible cultivar Hypana
at the Rosemount, Waseca and Lamberton experiment
stations in Minnesota. In early August,
barley stem rust was found in Sonoma County, California plots. Rye stem rust pathogen, P. graminis f. sp. secalis, was identified to be
causal agent. Light losses to barley
stem rust occurred in Washington (see Table 1) and race QCCDC was identified
from a barley collection made in a field in southeastern Washington.
Barley leaf rust. In early April, low to severe levels of leaf
rust were found in barley plots at College Station in central Texas. By late April, barley leaf rust had spread
throughout the nursery at College Station.
In mid-May, severe levels of barley leaf rust were found on susceptible
cultivars in a Warsaw, Virginia nursery.
Trace losses due to leaf rust occurred in a few areas of the U.S. (Table
1).
Stripe
rust on barley. During the third week in April, 50% severities were
reported on the susceptible variety Max in the Davis, California nursery. In mid-May, severe levels (60%) of stripe
rust were found on the susceptible cultivar Max in the Fresno County,
California nursery. In late June, stripe
rust was light in experimental fields near Pullman, Washington. The disease was moderate on barley in
nurseries at Mt. Vernon. In contrast,
barley stripe rust was severe in breeding nurseries at Corvallis, Oregon. Some susceptible lines had 100% severity by
the end of May. Losses to barley stripe
rust were light this year in the Pacific Northwest.
Barley crown rust. Trace levels of crown rust were found on
barley plots at the Brookings, South Dakota experiment station in mid-July.
Rye
stem rust. Rye stem rust was found in a barley plot in
Sonoma in the southern Sacramento Valley in California.
Table 1. Estimated losses in barley due to
rusts in 2009 in U.S. |
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Losses due to: |
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1,000 |
Yields in |
Production |
Stem Rust |
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Leaf Rust |
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Stripe Rust |
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acres |
bushels |
in 1,000 |
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1,000 |
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1,000 |
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1,000 |
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State |
harvest |
per acre |
of bushels |
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
|
AZ |
45 |
115.0 |
5,175 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
CA |
55 |
54.0 |
2,970 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
*T |
T |
|
T |
T |
|
CO |
77 |
135.0 |
10,395 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
DE |
26 |
70.0 |
1,820 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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ID |
510 |
95.0 |
48,450 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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KS |
9 |
51.0 |
459 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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ME |
15 |
55.0 |
825 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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MD |
48 |
70.0 |
3,360 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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MI |
11 |
51.0 |
561 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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MN |
80 |
61.0 |
4,880 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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MT |
720 |
57.0 |
41,040 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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NY |
10 |
53.0 |
530 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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NC |
19 |
60.0 |
1,140 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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ND |
1,130 |
70.0 |
79,100 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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OR |
32 |
60.0 |
1,920 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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PA |
45 |
75.0 |
3,375 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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SD |
22 |
54.0 |
1,188 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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UT |
30 |
85.0 |
2,550 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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VA |
43 |
74.0 |
3,182 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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WA |
97 |
64.0 |
6,208 |
0.2 |
12.4 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.2 |
12.4 |
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WI |
25 |
59.0 |
1,475 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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WY |
64 |
105.0 |
6,720 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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Total
from Above |
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T |
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3,113 |
73.0 |
227,323 |
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12.4 |
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12.4 |
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U.S.
% Loss |
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T |
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T |
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0.01 |
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U.S.
Total |
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3,113 |
73.0 |
227,323 |
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*T
= Trace |
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