Minnesota

 

Barley Rusts in the United States in 2009

 

D.L. Long1, Y. Jin1, M.E. Hughes1, J. A.  Kolmer1, L.A. Wanschura1 and B.J. Steffenson2.

1Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS and 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota

 

Barley stem rust.  On April 20, low levels of stem rust were found in irrigated barley plots at the Castroville nursery in south Texas and barley grown as a windbreak between watermelon rows in southern Texas.  Race QFCSC of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici was identified.  On July 13, low levels of barley stem rust, due to race QFCSC, were found on the susceptible cultivar Hypana at the Rosemount, Waseca and Lamberton experiment stations in Minnesota.  In early August, barley stem rust was found in Sonoma County, California plots.  Rye stem rust pathogen, P. graminis f. sp. secalis, was identified to be causal agent.  Light losses to barley stem rust occurred in Washington (see Table 1) and race QCCDC was identified from a barley collection made in a field in southeastern Washington.

 

Barley leaf rust.  In early April, low to severe levels of leaf rust were found in barley plots at College Station in central Texas.  By late April, barley leaf rust had spread throughout the nursery at College Station.  In mid-May, severe levels of barley leaf rust were found on susceptible cultivars in a Warsaw, Virginia nursery.  Trace losses due to leaf rust occurred in a few areas of the U.S. (Table 1).

 

Stripe rust on barley.  During the third week in April, 50% severities were reported on the susceptible variety Max in the Davis, California nursery.  In mid-May, severe levels (60%) of stripe rust were found on the susceptible cultivar Max in the Fresno County, California nursery.  In late June, stripe rust was light in experimental fields near Pullman, Washington.  The disease was moderate on barley in nurseries at Mt. Vernon.  In contrast, barley stripe rust was severe in breeding nurseries at Corvallis, Oregon.  Some susceptible lines had 100% severity by the end of May.  Losses to barley stripe rust were light this year in the Pacific Northwest.

 

Barley crown rust.  Trace levels of crown rust were found on barley plots at the Brookings, South Dakota experiment station in mid-July.

 

Rye stem rust.  Rye stem rust was found in a barley plot in Sonoma in the southern Sacramento Valley in California.

 


 

Table 1. Estimated losses in barley due to rusts in 2009 in U.S.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses due to:

 

1,000

Yields in

Production

Stem Rust

 

Leaf Rust

 

Stripe Rust

 

acres

bushels

in 1,000

 

1,000

 

 

1,000

 

 

1,000

State

harvest

per acre

of bushels

Percent

bushels

 

Percent

bushels

 

Percent

bushels

AZ

45

115.0

5,175

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

CA

55

54.0

2,970

0.0

0.0

 

*T

T

 

T

T

CO

77

135.0

10,395

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

DE

26

70.0

1,820

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

ID

510

95.0

48,450

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

KS

9

51.0

459

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

ME

15

55.0

825

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

MD

48

70.0

3,360

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

MI

11

51.0

561

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

MN

80

61.0

4,880

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

MT

720

57.0

41,040

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

NY

10

53.0

530

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

NC

19

60.0

1,140

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

ND

1,130

70.0

79,100

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

OR

32

60.0

1,920

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

PA

45

75.0

3,375

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

SD

22

54.0

1,188

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

UT

30

85.0

2,550

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

VA

43

74.0

3,182

0.0

0.0

 

T

T

 

 

 

WA

97

64.0

6,208

0.2

12.4

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.2

12.4

WI

25

59.0

1,475

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

 

 

WY

64

105.0

6,720

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

Total from Above

 

 

 

 

 

T

 

 

 

 

3,113

73.0

227,323

 

12.4

 

 

 

 

 

12.4

U.S. % Loss

 

 

T

 

 

T

 

 

0.01

 

U.S. Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,113

73.0

227,323

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*T = Trace