GrainGenes
A Database for Triticeae and Avena
Agronomic evaluation some spring wheat cultivars.
V.N. Bondarenko, O.Y. Leonov, and V.V. Sotnikov.
Eight new Ukrainian, 33 Russian, and four Kazakstanian
cultivars were studied in 1996. These wheats were sown in three
replications on m2 area plots. Kharkivska 6 was used
as a check. The dates for germination, heading, and maturity;
resistance to the S. nodorum, powdery mildew, and leaf
rust fungi (plant disease resistance was estimated on a 1 to 9
scale, where 9 was the most resistant to disease pathogen and
1 denoted the most susceptible); grain yield; grain plumpness
(according to a 1-9
marking scale); and 1,000-kernel weight were determined.
In addition, 15 plants of some new and old varieties from the
third replication were analyzed for productivity elements. We
measured plant height, spike length, spikes/plant, quantity of
sterile and fertile spikelets, grains/main spike, and 1,000-kernel
weight for the main and lateral spikes.
The new Ukrainian cultivars Kharkivska 18, Kharkivska
22, Legenda, and Rannya 93 and the Russian wheats Vektor 4, Buyan,
Kosmid, Selin, Shmel, Valeriya (from Krasnodar), and Omskaya Serebristaya
were characterized by early heading (Table 6). Most of the varieties
were grown in dry conditions in 1996 and were short (57-77
cm). Only Kharkivska 18, Kharkivska 22, and Omskaya Serebristaya
were tall (90-100
cm). These three cultivars also had the largest 1,000-kernel
weight, whereas the short varieties from Krasnodar had small kernels.
Among the short-stemmed wheats, only Kardinal was late in
maturing.
Table 6. Characteristics for some new Ukrainian and Russian spring wheat cultivars.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Growth factors 1 Grain Grain 1,000-kernel
_______________________________ Height yield plump- weight
Cultivar DTH DHM SN PM LR (cm) (g/m2) ness (g)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Kharkivska 6 (check) 47 33 6.6 6.1 5.4 93 248 7.1 30.3
Ukrainian cultivars.
Kardynal 48 35 6.7 4.0 9.0 72 141 6.0 30.7
Kharkivska 18 41 36 6.3 5.7 7.7 99 272 8.0 37.3
Kharkivska 22 43 35 7.0 6.3 6.0 99 226 7.0 7.1
Kharkivska 24 47 33 6.7 7.0 6.7 97 263 7.0 30.5
Kolektyvna 1 47 33 6.7 7.0 6.0 103 346 7.7 31.8
Legenda 43 40 7.0 5.0 8.7 61 45 6.3 32.5
Myronivchanka 47 33 6.7 6.0 5.3 97 140 6.0 26.0
Rannya 93 41 37 6.3 6.0 8.0 74 175 7.3 33.1
Russian cultivars.
Altaiskaya 92 45 33 5.3 3.3 2.7 99 119 7.3 33.1
Altaiskii Prostor 48 34 6.7 6.0 5.7 111 167 6.7 30.2
Buyan 41 38 7.0 5.0 4.7 78 244 7.0 25.4
Ivolginskaya 47 33 5.3 3.0 3.0 100 162 7.0 22.0
Izumrudnaya 49 31 7.0 6.0 6.3 99 133 6.0 26.0
Kosmid 40 34 6.3 4.3 5.0 65 197 7.3 29.7
Kurskaya 2038 48 35 7.0 6.7 7.0 100 215 6.7 30.4
Lada 49 33 7.0 6.7 8.0 98 198 7.0 32.1
Lutescens 78 46 34 6.0 4.7 3.3 93 176 7.3 33.2
Lutescens 937 47 34 6.0 5.0 3.3 97 220 7.7 32.4
Niva 2 48 35 7.0 4.0 4.0 95 200 6.5 32.5
Omskaya Serebristaya 43 37 6.3 3.3 3.3 93 206 7.3 41.1
Omskaya 21 43 37 6.0 3.3 3.0 102 256 7.7 33.6
Omskaya 24 50 33 6.7 4.7 4.3 100 233 7.0 33.5
Omskaya 26 45 34 5.3 4.7 2.0 92 181 6.0 27.3
Omskaya 28 48 37 6.7 6.0 4.0 105 320 7.0 30.3
Prokhorovka 46 35 7.0 6.7 9.0 91 317 7.3 33.6
Rosinka 43 38 6.0 5.3 3.3 98 224 7.3 31.9
Saratovskaya 62 44 35 6.3 4.7 3.3 97 319 7.7 33.5
Selin 39 31 5.0 3.3 2.0 65 115 7.0 28.4
Shmel 39 33 5.3 3.3 3.3 65 216 7.7 28.8
Sirena 48 32 5.3 3.3 3.0 93 124 6.7 26.1
Solveig 48 35 7.0 5.3 3.7 106 265 7.7 29.5
Tarskaya 5 45 35 5.0 3.7 3.0 82 131 6.3 24.8
Tulaikovskaya Stepnaya 45 36 6.7 7.0 8.3 97 276 7.0 32.9
Tulaikovskaya Belozernaya 45 34 6.7 7.0 7.0 89 293 7.7 28.2
Tulaikovskaya Yubileinaya 48 34 6.0 5.0 6.0 100 246 7.0 27.4
Valeriya 39 34 6.0 5.0 3.3 57 161 6.7 25.2
Varyag 45 37 6.7 5.0 3.3 96 318 8.0 34.0
Vektor 4 44 34 6.0 5.7 6.7 77 177 7.3 30.6
Voronezhskaya 6 46 33 7.0 6.7 7.3 99 233 7.7 31.8
Voronezhskaya 12 43 36 7.0 6.0 5.7 92 285 8.0 33.2
Table 6 (continued). Characteristics for some new Ukranian and Russian spring wheat cultivars.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Growth factors 1 Grain Grain 1,000-kernel
_______________________________ Height yield plump- weight
Cultivar DTH DHM SN PM LR (cm) (g/m2) ness (g)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Kazakhstanian cultivars.
Lutescens 90 48 35 6.0 4.7 4.3 105 220 7.0 29.6
Lutescens 32 45 35 5.7 5.0 2.7 107 193 7.0 32.9
Kazakhstanskaya 23 45 35 5.7 4.7 3.7 101 239 8.0 32.5
Tselinnaya 3C 45 34 5.3 2.7 3.0 99 228 7.3 31.0
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1DGH = number of days from germination to heading; DHM = number of days from heading to maturity;
SN = resistance to Septoria nodorum, PM = resistance to powdery mildew, LR = resistance to leaf rust.
Resistance scored on a scale of 1 (most susceptible)
to 9 (most resistant).
Weather conditions promoted the development of powdery
mildew and leaf rust on spring wheat in 1996. Kharkivska 24,
Kollektyvna 1, Tulaikovskaya Stepnaya, and Tulaikovskaya Belozernaya
were resistant to powdery mildew and Legenda, Kardinal,Rannya
93, Lada, Prohorovka, and Tulaikovskaya Stepnaya were resistant
to leaf rust. All cultivars had an intermediate level of resistance
to S. nodorum, but there was low disease pressure in 1996.
The wheats Kolektivna 1, Prohorovka, Saratovskaya
62, Varyag, and Omskaya 28 demonstrated the best productivity.
Cultivars Kharkivska 18, Voronezhkaya 12, Varyag, and Kazakhstanskaya
23 had the best grain plumpness.
The lack of rainfall during the period from germination
to the start of tillering and temperatures 2-5
degrees above normal reduced the number of tillers in most varieties.
Analysis of the productivity components demonstrated that Kosmid
wheat had the maximum productive-tillering index (Table 7).
Although grain weight from lateral spikes was the same as that
from main spike, spike productivity was low. The old, tall-stemmed
Ukrainian cultivar Mironivska Yara and the Russian wheat Moskovskaya
35; the new cultivars Tulaikovskaya Yubileinaya and Solveig; and
the mid-height Prokhorovka had long spikes with a large number
of productive spikelets. The short-stemmed cultivar Bujan
was the exception with 47 grains and 18.1 productive spikelets
per spike. However, spike productivity was not as high, because
of a low 1,000-kernel weight. Prokhorovka demonstrated the
best spike productivity (1.92 g), with high grain quantity and
a medium 1,000-kernel weight.
Eighty-two spring bread wheat cultivars received
from National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility (Aberdeen,
Idaho, USA) were studied in the plant introduction and quarantine
nursery of the Plant Production Institute in 1996. Some of these
cultivars had resistance to the local pathogenic populations of
foliar disease fungi in conditions of severe natural infection.
The cultivars with field-plant resistance to leaf rust (7-9
rating), powdery mildew (7-9
rating), and S. nodorum pathogens (6 rating) were Fortuna,
Waldron, Centa, Marshall, and Norm. Resistance to leaf rust and
S. nodorum was found in Lew and Amidon, and resistance
to leaf rust and powdery mildew in Chris and Wheaton. The leaf
rust-resistant cultivar Prospect was of great interest for selection.
The check cultivar Kharkivska 6 had following productivity:
a tillering index of 1.7, number of fertile spikelets/spike was
15, a grain yield/spike of 28, a grain weight/spike of 0.92, a
1,000-kernel weight of 32.9 g, and a plant height of 78 cm.
The cultivar Amidon was the same height as the check, but exceeded
it in tillering index (+0.4), the number of fertile spikelets
(+1.0), and grain yield (+9.0). Prospect was better than the
check
for spike length (+0.3), grain yield (+6.0), and
grain weight (+0.2). The cultivar Norm (55 cm) exceeded the check
in grain yield and grain weight/spike (+ 7.0 and + 0.60, respectively)
and the cultivars Marshall (58 cm) and Minpro (52 cm) in grain
yield/spike.
Table 7. Plant productivity elements of some new and old spring wheat cultivars.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Main spike
________________________________________
Grain
Spikelets Grains weight of
Height Tiller _____________ Length ____________ lateral
Cultivar (cm) index fertile sterile (cm) Density No. weight spikes
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Kharkivska 6 89 1.20 16.5 0.1 8.4 19.8 36.9 1.13 0.14
5 0.23 0.7 4.8 0.23
Kharkivska 22 97 1.20 14.0 0.0 8.5 16.5 31.9 1.18 0.07
3 0.31 0.8 3.8 0.17
Kolektyvna 1 97 1.07 14.9 0.1 8.5 17.6 31.1 0.94 0.04
3 0.14 0.6 2.6 0.14
Myronivchanka 94 1.00 11.5 0.9 7.5 16.5 21.3 0.56 0.00
5 0.00 1.1 3.9 0.12
Legenda 70 1.23 16.8 0.9 7.8 22.7 28.6 0.96 0.12
5 0.25 1.6 7.7 0.24
Rannya 93 70 1.00 14.8 0.5 6.6 23.2 30.4 0.92 0.00
3 0.00 1.3 4.1 0.17
Lada 102 1.00 16.7 0.4 8.1 21.1 36.7 1.02 0.00
4 0.00 1.4 4.8 0.17
Kurskaya 2038 102 1.00 16.7 0.4 8.1 21.1 36.0 1.02 0.00
4 0.00 1.4 4.6 0.17
Voronezhskaya 6 98 1.20 16.3 0.0 8.7 18.7 30.5 1.04 0.19
4 0.23 0.7 2.2 0.12
Buyan 76 1.20 18.1 0.9 8.8 21.6 47.8 1.10 0.16
4 0.23 1.8 9.6 0.21
Kosmid 69 2.13 12.5 0.8 7.0 19.0 25.9 0.70 0.69
2 0.66 1.0 4.0 0.13
Shmel 65 1.07 14.0 0.9 6.1 24.4 29.4 1.28 0.09
3 0.15 1.2 4.6 0.16
Valeriya 60 1.13 13.7 1.2 6.5 22.9 28.3 0.61 0.05
5 0.19 1.3 4.2 0.13
Prokhorovka 88 1.07 18.6 0.7 10.5 18.4 40.5 1.91 0.00
5 0.14 1.1 9.0 0.36
Tulaikovskaya Stepnaya 93 1.00 13.1 0.3 6.3 21.3 30.2 0.97 0.00
5 0.00 0.8 3.3 0.12
Tulaikovskaya Belozernaya 93 1.13 15.1 1.3 6.7 24.5 32.0 0.99 0.12
4 0.29 1.1 5.7 0.25
Tulaikovskaya Yubileinaya 102 1.13 18.8 0.4 9.5 20.2 34.7 1.05 0.09
3 0.19 1.0 4.7 0.17
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7 (continued). Plant productivity elements of some new and old spring wheat cultivars.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Main spike
________________________________________
Grain
Spikelets Grains weight of
Height Tiller _____________ Length ____________ lateral
Cultivar (cm) index fertile sterile (cm) Density No. weight spikes
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Solveig 104 1.13 18.8 0.5 10.2 18.9 37.3 1.17 0.11
4 0.19 1.2 3.1 0.17
Myronivska Yara 100 1.27 18.1 0.4 9.5 19.5 26.5 1.23 0.21
2 0.26 0.8 4.8 0.25
Moskovskaya 35 107 1.00 16.9 0.3 9.7 17.7 37.4 1.25 0.00
3 0.00 0.9 2.2 0.12
Spektr 68 1.53 12.3 0.0 6.1 20.2 23.0 0.72 0.31
3 0.36 0.4 2.2 0.10
Caesium 111 106 1.07 13.2 0.0 6.1 21.6 26.9 0.66 0.04
2 0.14 1.0 3.6 0.12
Omskaya 9 111 1.07 15.5 0.2 7.5 20.9 27.9 0.74 0.04
4 0.14 1.0 6.4 0.19
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
The second line of data for each variety contains the 95 % confidence limits of the mean for the corresponding
indices.
Publications.
Afonskaya EYu, Rabinovich SV, Dolgova EM, Muraeva
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of field cultures growing. Materials of International Scientific-Practical
Conference. "Bucovina" Chernivtsi. pp. 36-37
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Workshop (12-14
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Rabinovich SV, Chernyaeva IN, Afonskaya EYu, and
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Rabinovich SV and Gerasimov NV. 1996. Hungarian
cultivars of Martonvasar breeding as an object of introduction
and initial material for winter wheat breeding in the Ukraine.
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Rabinovich SV, Sotnikov VV, Bondus SS, and Boguslawskiy RL. 1996. New samples of winter wheat from USA in the collection of National Centre of plant genetic resources of the Ukraine. In: Methodological bases of formation, control and employment of collection of plant genetic resources (Materials of International Symposium). Khar'kov, 2-4 October, 1996). Khar'kov. p. 69 (in Russian). go to next document