GrainGenes

ITEMS FROM GERMANY

 

INSTITUT FÜR PFLANZENGENETIK UND KULTURPFLANZENFORSCHUNG (IPK)

Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.

A. Börner, C.-E. Specht, K. Hammer, T. Bardoux, and M. Grau.

Stem reserve mobilization.

Twenty-four accessions from the Gatersleben genebank consisting of 21 hexaploid (T. aestivum) and 3 tetraploid (T. durum) wheats were analyzed for their capacity for grain filling by utilizing stem reserves. The chemical desiccant potassium iodide (0.4 %) was sprayed onto the canopy in the field in order to destroy the photosynthetic source of the plant. The treatment was applied to each genotype 2 weeks after anthesis. After harvest, the 1,000-kernel weight of the treated plants was compared with that of untreated controls to calculate the rate of reduction in grain weight caused by the treatment. The rate of reduction was found to vary between 27 % and 2 %. The lowest percentages were observed for Greek hexaploid and Syrian tetraploid wheats.

Dormancy, germinability, and germination rate of wheat wild relatives

About 60 accessions of six wild relatives from T. aestivum (T. baeoticum, T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccon, T. monococcum, T. uratu, and T. araraticum) were analyzed for the number of seed per spikelet. Some of the accessions were obligately two-seeded (T. monococcum), others were only facultatively two-seeded (T. boeoticum) and T. uratu was found to possess three seeds per spikelet. The seeds of the two- or three-seeded species varied in color, shape, length, and diameter when compared as pairs. Germination tests conducted with seeds from spikes that were already in storage in the Gatersleben seed storage facilities did not show any differences in respect of dormancy, germinability, or germination rate. These results are in contrast to several reports that the smaller and darker seeds within a spikelet are dormant.

Publications.

Ben Amer IM. 1997. Study of callus growth, differentiation and shoot regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) somatic cultures. PhD thesis, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. 85 p.

Ben Amer IM and Börner A. 1997. Effect of cytoplasm on immature embryo culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cereal Res Commun 25:135-140.

Ben Amer IM and Börner A. 1997. The relationship between green spot initiation and plantlet regneration of wheat callus grown under short-term conditions. Plant Cell, Tissue & Organ Culture 50:67-69.

Ben Amer IM, Korzun V, Worland AJ, and Börner A. 1997. Genetic mapping of QTL controlling tissue culture response on chromosome 2B of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to major genes and RFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet 94:1047-1052.

Börner A and Korzun V. 1997. Further analysis of the barley dwarfing mutants 'Hv287' (GA insensitive) and 'Hv288' (GA sensitive). Barley Genet Newslet 27:66-67.

Börner A, Korzun V, and Worland AJ. 1997. Comparative genetic mapping of mutant loci affecting plant height and development in cereals. In: Wheat: Prospects for global improvement, Proc 5th Int Wheat Conference (Braun H-J, Altay F, Kronstad WE, Beniwal SPS and McNab A eds). Turkey, 1996, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 311-314.

Börner A, Röder M, and Korzun V. 1997. Comparative molecular mapping of GA insensitive Rht loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 95:1133-1137.

Börner A, Korzun V, Polley A, and Melz G. 1998. Genetics and molecular mapping of a male fertility restoration locus (Rfg1) in rye (Secale cereale L.). Theor Appl Genet (In press).

Korzun V, Malyshev S, Voylokov A, and Börner A. 1997 RFLP based mapping of three mutant loci in rye (Secale cereale L.) and their relation to homoeologous loci within the Gramineae. Theor Appl Genet 95:468-473.

Korzun V, Röder M, Worland AJ, and Börner A. 1997. Mapping of the dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalisation response (Vrn1) genes in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite markers. Plant Breed 116:227-232.

Korzun V, Börner A, Worland AJ, Law CN. and Röder MS. 1997. Application of microsatellites to distinguish inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Euphytica 95:149-155.

Korzun V, Malyshev S, Kartel N, Westermann T, Weber WE, and Börner A. 1998. A genetic linkage map of rye (Secale cereale L.). Theor Appl Genet (In press).

Specht C-E, Keller ERJ, Freytag U, Hammer K, and Börner A. 1997. Survey of seed germinability after long term storage in the Gatersleben genebank. Plant Genet Resour Newslet 111:64-68.

Voylokov AV, Korzun V, and Börner A. 1998. Mapping of three self-fertility mutations in rye (Secale cereale L.) by using RFLP, isozyme and morphological markers. Theor Appl Genet (In press).

Worland AJ, Börner A, Korzun V, Li WM, Petrovic S, and Sayers EJ. 1997. The influence of photoperiod genes to the adaptability of European winter wheats. In: Wheat: Prospects for global improvement, Proc 5th Int Wheat Conference (Braun H-J, Altay F, Kronstad WE, Beniwal SPS and McNab A eds). Turkey, 1996, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 517-526.