Items from the United States - Idaho.

ITEMS FROM THE UNITED STATES

 

IDAHO


UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO
Plant and Soil Science Department, Moscow, ID 83343, USA, and the Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA

R. Zemetra, E. Souza, S. Guy, B. Brown, N. Bosque-Pérez, J. Hansen, K. O'Brien, M. Guttieri, D. Schotzko, T. Koehler, L. Sorensen, J. Clayton, E. Jiménez-Martínez, M. Rehman, B. Hanson, M. Kumar, D. Bowen, and A. Carter.

Production. [p. 176]

The 2004 Idaho winter wheat production was 63 million bushels, a 9 % increase from 2003. Both acreage planted and harvested decreased from the previous year but an increase in average yield to 90 bu/acre was the reason for the increase in total production. Moisture was again limiting in some areas in the late spring/summer resulting in a lower test weight in the rain-fed areas of Idaho. Stripe rust was again a problem on susceptible cultivars though infection occurred late in moderately resistant cultivars and had minimal affect on yield. Statistics for the Idaho winter wheat production for the last five years are in Table 1.

Table 1. Statistics for the Idaho winter wheat production for the last 5 years, 2000-04.
 Year
 Acres planted
x 1,000
 Acres harvested
x 1,000
 Production
bu/acre
 Yield (bushels)
x 1,000
 2000  780  730  90  65,700
 2001  760  710  73  51,830
 2002  730  690  79  54,510
 2003  760  720  80  57,600
 2004  710  700  90  63,000


Personnel. [p. 176]

Faculty. Pat Shiel, University of Idaho plant virologist based on the Moscow campus, resigned to take a position in APHIS. Carl Strausbaugh, University of Idaho plant pathologist based at the Kimberly Research and Extension Center, resigned to take a position in the USDA­ARS.

Graduate Students. Brad Hanson completed his Ph.D. research that involved evaluating the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow among winter wheat cultivars and from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Manish Kumar completed his M.S. research on genetically modifying wheat straw to increase its potential use as a biofuel source. Arron Carter started a Masters program in the SWWW breeding program in Moscow. His two research projects involve selection of Imazamox-resistant SWWW and agronomic evaluation of a 'Coda/Brundage' RIL population.


Cultivar development. [p. 176]

Moscow. The SWWW cultivar Dune was released by the SWWW breeding program. Dune was tested in the Western Regional White Winter Wheat Nursery as 91-20503A. Dune is an early, short semidwarf wheat with excellent yield potential under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The end-use quality of 91-20503A is good to excellent. Dune has excellent yield potential and good end-use quality.

Aberdeen. The southern Idaho wheat breeding program completed the release in 2004 of the HRSW Jerome and Idaho 587, a Clearfield SWSW. We are presently distributing seed of low phytic acid spring wheat lines to interested researchers under material transfer agreements. In 2005, we will propose the release of IDO597 HWSW and IDO575 HRWW. Current data summaries may be found at www.agls.uidaho.edu/cerealsci.

 

Wheat molecular biology. [p. 177]

In the wheat straw lignin-reduction project, Manish Kumar created two constructs using a portion of the CCR1 gene sequence in both sense and antisense direction to attempt to down-regulate lignin biosynthesis in wheat straw. The constructs were inserted into wheat using particle bombardment and pollen-mediated transformation. Pollen-mediated transformation was used to introduce the bar gene into wheat demonstrating the successful introduction of a gene into wheat by this method.

A recombinant inbred line population from the cross Coda by Brundage was created for studying traits in SWWW. Coda is an awned club wheat, and Brundage is an awnless common SWWW. The population differs for agronomic traits, disease resistance, and end-use quality. Agronomic testing of the population is currently being done in two locations as part of Arron Carter's M.S. thesis research. Seed of the 'Coda/Brundage' RIL population will be made available to interested researchers under material transfer agreements in autumn 2005.

 

Biological risk assessment. [p. 177]

Brad Hanson completed his research program on pollen-mediated gene flow among wheat cultivars and between wheat and jointed goatgrass. Among wheat cultivars, the maximum distance that gene flow occurred was 42 meters. Gene flow was found to be generally in the direction of the prevailing wind and occurred more often at sites with lower temperatures and higher humidity during pollination. The maximum distance for gene flow between wheat and jointed goatgrass was 40 meters from the pollen source though the frequency of 'wheat/jointed goatgrass' hybrids was much lower than that observed for gene flow among wheat cultivars.

Research continues on determining the impact of genome location on gene migration between wheat and jointed goatgrass. In the BC1 generation where jointed goatgrass was the recurrent parent, retention of a herbicide resistance gene was higher than expected regardless of genome location. Based on chromosome counts it was determined that the higher than anticipated transmission rate was due to chromosome restitution and chromosome nondisjunction during gamete formation in the 'wheat/jointed goatgrass' hybrid. The BC2 generation is currently under analysis to determine if genome location effect will begin to appear in the second generation of backcrossing.

 

Publications. [p. 177-178]

  • Bullock DG, Bosque-Pérez NA, Johnson JB, and Merickel FW. 2004. Species composition and distribution of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) parasitoids in northern Idaho. J Kansas Ent Soc 77 (3):174-180.
  • Castle SC, Bosque-Pérez NA, Schotzko DJ, and Guy SO. 2005. The impact of tillage practices on Hessian fly populations on fly-susceptible and resistant spring wheat varieties. J Econ Ent (In press).
  • Clement SL, Elberson LR, Bosque-Pérez NA, and Schotzko E. 2005. Detrimental and neutral effects of wild barley-Neotyphodium endophyte associations on insect survival. Ent Exper Appl 114 (2):119-125.
  • Guttieri MJ, Bowen D, Dorsch JA, Souza E, and Raboy V. 2004. Identification and characterization of a low phytic acid wheat. Crop Sci 44:418-424.
  • Guttieri MJ, Becker C, and Souza E. 2004. Application of wheat meal solvent retention capacity tests within soft wheat populations. Cereal Chem 81: 261-266.
  • Hanson B. 2004. Potential for pollen-mediated gene flow among winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and from wheat to jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
  • Hanson BD, Mallory-Smith CA, Shafii B, Thill DC, and Zemetra RS. 2005. Pollen-mediated gene flow from blue aleurone wheat to other wheat cultivars. Crop Sci (In press).
  • Hanson BD, Mallory-Smith CA, Price WJ, Shafii B, Thill DC, and Zemetra RS. 2005. Interspecific hybridizaton: Potential for movement of herbicide resistance from wheat (Triticum aestivum) to jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Tech (In press).
  • Jiménez-Martínez ES and Bosque-Pérez NA. 2004. Variation in barley yellow dwarf virus transmission efficiency by Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) after acquisition on transgenic and nontransformed wheat genotypes. J Econ Ent 97(6):1790-1796.
  • Jiménez-Martínez ES, Bosque-Pérez NA, Berger PH, and Zemetra RS. 2004. Life history of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on transgenic and untransformed wheat challenged with barley yellow dwarf virus. J Econ Ent 97:203-212.
  • Jiménez-Martínez ES, Bosque-Pérez NA, Berger PH, Zemetra RS, Ding H, and Eigenbrode SD. 2004. Volatile cues influence the response of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) to barley yellow dwarf virus-infected transgenic and untransformed wheat. Environ Ent 33(5) 1207-1216.
  • Kidwell KK, Shelton GB, DeMacon VL, Burns JW, Carter BP, Morris CF, Chen X, and Bosque-Pérez NA. 2004. Registration of 'Hollis' Wheat. Crop Sci 44(5):1871-1872.
  • Kumar M. 2004. Genetic modification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw for potential use as a biofuel. Masters Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
  • Rainbolt CR, Thill DC, Zemetra RS, and Shaner DL. 2005. Imidazolinone-resistant wheat acetolactate synthase (ALS) in vivo response to Imazmox. Weed Sci (In press).
  • Souza EJ, Martin JM, Guttieri MJ, O'Brien K, Habernicht DK, Lanning SP, Carlson GR, and Talbert LE. 2004. Influence of genotype, environment, and nitrogen management on spring wheat quality. Crop Sci 44:425-432.
  • Souza EJ, Guttieri MJ, and McLean R. 2004. Registration of Gary wheat. Crop Sci 44:1476-1477.
  • Souza EJ, Guttieri MJ, and McLean R. 2004. Registration of Moreland wheat. Crop Sci 44:1478-1479.
  • Souza EJ, Guttieri MJ, and O'Brien K. 2004. Registration of DW wheat. Crop Sci 44:1475-1476.
  • Souza EJ,Guttieri MJ, O'Brien K, and Brown B. 2004. Registration of Alturas wheat. Crop Sci 44:477-1478.
  • Souza EJ. Bosque-Pérez NA, Guttieri MJ, Schotzko DJ, Guy SO, Brown B, and Zemetra R. 2005. Registration of Jerome, hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci (In press).
  • Zemetra RS, Guy SO, Lauver MA, O'Brien K, Koehler T, Robertson L, and Brown B. 2004. Registration of 'Hubbard' wheat. Crop Sci 44:1469-1470.
  • Zhiwu L, Hansen JL, Liu Y, Zemetra RS, and Berger PH. 2004. Using real-time PCR to determine transgene copy number in wheat. Plant Mol Biol Rep 22:179-188.