GrainGenes

II. 4. Linkage studies of genes Gle 1 and Hrd F in barley chromosome 5.

V.P. Netsvetaev and A.A. Sozinov, Department of Genetical Principles of Breeding, All-Union Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odessa 270036, U.S.S.R.

Glossy spike is the main character of the variety Cristal in comparison with another barley. This character is controlled by a dominant gene which we called Gle 1 (Glossy spike 1). We made crosses between variety Cristal and translocations. Gle l is inherited independent in crosses with all translocations (Table 1).

Table 1. Results from crosses between translocations and variety Cristal (gene Gle 1).

Analysis of spring barley collection demonstrates that the varieties with glossy spike, as a rule, have definite variants of hordein and carry gene Ml-a6 (Table 2). It is known that component's composition of barley hordein is controlled by loci Hrd A (=Hor 1), Hrd B (=Hor 2), Hrd C, Hrd D, Hrd E which are located in the short arm of chromosome 5 (Sozinov et al., 1978; Netsvetaev, 1978; Shewry et al., 1978; Doll and Brown, 1979). Segment of chromosome with Hrd-loci are oriented in such a way that Hrd A is close to centromere (Netsvetaev, 1978). It was expected that gene Gle 1 was linked with loci Hrd.

Table 2. Characteristics of varieties for Hrd, Gle 1 and Ml-a6 loci.

The variants of hordein A, B, F were tested using methods of prolamin electrophoresis in starch gel (Sozinov and Poperelya, 1974). Hordein A-- a slow-moving protein group and B -- a fast-moving protein group; F -- the fastest component in zone B (Risø 56 in contradiction to the variety Carlsberg II has only hordein F in this zone). The loci Hrd A, B and new F control these hordeins.

Analysis of F2 plants Cristal X Smyrna I (BGS 0113) is shown in Table 3. Cristal has genotype Hrd A2 Hrd B25 Hrd Fl Gle l and Smyrna I - Hrd A20 Hrd B28 Hrd F2 gle 1.

Table 3. Segregation and linkage estimates from crosses Cristal X Smyrna I, Trumph X Ametyst.

The oldest generation of Trumph X Ametyst self-pollinated were studied, too. Ametyst, which took place in creation of this population, had glossy spike and hordein B, F, Cristal type (Table 2). Trumph had genotype Hrd A2 Hrd B21 Hrd F2 gle 1. Only loci Hrd A, Hrd B and Gle 1 were tested in these combinations (Table 3).

So, gene Gle 1 and locus Hrd F are located in the short arm of chromosome 5, farther from centromere than Hrd B and Hrd A (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. A map of four loci on chromosome 5.

References:

Bruckner, F. 1975. Resistance of some European spring barley varieties to seven races of powdery mildew (E. graminis DC. F. Sp. Hordei Marchal). Sbornik UVTI - Ochrana rostlin 11:253-259.

Doll, H. and A.H.D. Brown. 1979. Hordein variation in wild (Hordeum spontaneum) and cultivated (H. vulgare) barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 21:391-404.

Netsvetaev, V. P. 1978. Mapping of loci Hrd in chromosome 5 of barley with the help of reciprocal translocation. "Biologicheskie Osnovy Ratseonalnogo Ispolzovaniya Jivotnogo i Rastitelnogo Myra", USSR, Riga, "Zinatne", pp. 145-146.

Shewry, P.R., H.M. Pratt, R.A. Finch and B.J. Miflin. 1978. Genetic analysis of hordein polypeptides from single seeds of barley. Heredity 40:463-466.

Shewry, P.R., H.M. Pratt, A.J. Faulks, S. Parmar and B.J. Miflin. 1979. The storage protein (hordein) polypeptide pattern of barley (H. vulgare L.) in relation to varietal identification and disease resistance. J. Nat. Inst. Agr. Bot. 15:34-50.

Sozinov, A.A. and F.A. Poperelya. 1974. Vertical starch-gel electrophoretic method of protein separation. Information Bulletin COMECON 1:135-144.

Sozinov, A.A., V.P. Netsvetaev, E.M. Grigoryan and I.S. Obraztsov. 1978. Mapping of Hrd loci in barley (H. vulgare L. Emed. Vav. et Bacht.). Genetika 16:1610-1619.

Wiberg, A. 1974. Sources of resistance to powdery mildew in barley. Hereditas 78:1-40.

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