REPORTS OF THE COORDINATORS

REPORTS OF THE COORDINATORS

 

Overall coordinator’s report

 

Udda Lundqvist

SvalöfWeibull AB

SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden

e-mail: udda@ngb.se

 

 

Since the latest overall coordinator’s report in Barley Genetics Newsletter Volume 32, not many important changes of the coordinators have been reported. I do hope that most of you are willing to continue with this work and provide us with new information and literature search. Unhappily some of the coordinators have definitely retired from their positions or they do not find the time to prepare reports because of other commitments. The coordinator for Chromosome 1H (5), Jens Jensen, has retired from his position in Denmark at the end of 2002, Gunter Backes at the Risø National Laboratory, Denmark has replaced him. Gottfried Künzel, the coordinator for translocations, Balanced tertiary trisomics and Desynaptic genes has also retired during 2002, and Andreas Houben at the Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben, Germany, has kindly taken over the coordination for these important collections. I want to take the opportunity to thank both of them for their good corporation and their reliability of sending informative reports during all the years.

 

55 new and revised morphological and physiological barley gene descriptions have been published in the last volume of Barley Genetics Newsletter, BGN 32. No revised lists of BGS descriptions with their locus symbols are published in this volume. Those lists in BGN 32:51-70 are valid and still up-to-date.

 

The International Database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks is finally published and found on the net under address  http://www.untamo.net/bgs   in the AceDB system. The source data for this database was extracted from the barley mutant descriptions published in several volumes of Barley Genetics Newsletter, mainly BGN 26. Many of the genes are illustrated with images, both overviews and detailed close-up character pictures. Since AceDB as a database has several important advantages over conventional relational db-systems in handling biological information, and because a usable data model already existed for wheat mutants at GrainGenes, the decision was natural to use the AceDB system. Dave Matthews at Cornell University, Ithaca, USA, kindly worked as an advisor and support person throughout this project and in adapting the data model to the barley and providing the GrainGenes model for linkage data to references. I want to thank Dave Mathews for all his interest and patience during all these years. Because of the semi-automatic procedure the conversion script can be run again on new descriptions in later publications. It can also be repeated any time to correct errors or adjustments. It is the intention to try to maintain the database to accommodate for future achievements in mutation research and information and keep it up-to-date as much as possible. I call urgently upon the barley community to help us in reporting all errors that can be observed.

 

List of Barley Coordinators

 

Chromosome 1H (5): Gunter Backes, Plant Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, PRD-330, P.O. 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FAX +45 46 77 4282; e-mail: <gunter.backes@risoe.dk>

 

Chromosome 2H (2): Jerry. D. Franckowiak, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O.Box 5051, Fargo, ND 58105-5051, USA. FAX: +1 701 231 8474; e-mail: <j.franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu>

 

Chromosome 3H (3): Roger P. Ellis, Cell and Molecular Genetics Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. FAX: +44 1382 562426. E-mail: <R.Ellis@scri.sari.ac.uk>

 

Chromosome 4H (4): Brian P. Forster, Cell and Molecular Genetics Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. FAX: +44 1382 562426. e-mail: <bforst@scri.sari.ac.uk>

 

Chromosome 5H (7): George Fedak, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6, FAX: +1 613 759 6559; e-mail: <fedakga@em.agr.ca>

 

Chromosome 6H (6): Duane Falk, Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1. FAX: +1 519 763 8933; e-mail: <dfalk@crop.uoguelph.ca>

 

Chromosome 7H (1): Lynn Dahleen, USDA-ARS, State University Station, P.O. Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. FAX: + 1 701 239 1369; e-mail: <DAHLEENL@fargo.ars.usda.gov>

 

Integration of molecular and morphological marker maps: Andy Kleinhofs, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA. FAX: +1 509 335 8674; e-mail: <andyk@wsu.edu>

 

Barley Genetics Stock Center: An Hang, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, P.O.Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA. FAX: +1 208 397 4165; e-mail: <anhang@uidaho.edu>

 

Trisomic and aneuploid stocks: An Hang, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, P.O.Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA. FAX: +1 208 397 4165; e-mail: <anhang@uidaho.edu>

 

Translocations and balanced tertiary trisomics: Andreas Houben, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, DE-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. FAX: +49 39482 5137; e-mail: <houben@ipk-gatersleben.de>

 

 

List of Barley Coordinators (continued)

 

Desynaptic genes: Andreas Houben, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, DE-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. FAX: +49 39482 5137; e-mail: <houben@ipk-gatersleben.de>

 

Autotetraploids: Wolfgang Friedt, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE-35392 Giessen, Germany. FAX: +49 641 9937429; e-mail: <wolfgang.friedt@agrar.uni-giessen.de>

 

Disease and pest resistance genes: Brian Steffenson, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108-6030, USA. FAX: +1 612 625 9728; e-mail: <bsteffen@umn.edu>

 

Eceriferum genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX:.+46 418 667109; e-mail: <udda@ngb.se>

 

Chloroplast genes: Diter von Wettstein, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Genetics and Cell Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA. FAX: +1 509 335 8674; e-mail: <diter@wsu.edu>

 

Genetic male sterile genes: Mario C. Therrien, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, P.O. Box 1000A, R.R. #3, Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 5Y3, FAX: +1 204 728 3858; e-mail: <mtherrien@em.agr.ca>

 

Inversions: Bengt-Olle Bengtsson, Institute of Genetics, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 29, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. FAX: +46 46 147874;

e-mail: <bengt_olle.bengtsson@gen.lu.se> and

Torbjörn Säll, Institute of Genetics, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 29, SE-223 62 Lund Sweden. FAX: +46 46 147874, e-mail:<torbjorn.sall@gen.lu.se>

 

Ear morphology genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX: +46 418 667109; e-mail: <udda@ngb.se>

 

Semi-dwarf genes: Jerry D. Franckowiak, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 5051, Fargo, ND 58105-5051, USA. FAX: +1 702 231 8474; e-mail: <j_franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu>

 

Early maturity genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX: +46 418 667109; e-mail: <udda@ngb.se>

 

Biochemical mutants - Including lysine, hordein and nitrate reductase: Andy Kleinhofs, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA. FAX: +1 509 335 8674; e-mail: <andyk@wsu.edu>

 

Barley-wheat genetic stocks: A.K.M.R. Islam, Department of Plant Science, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia. FAX: +61 8 8303 7109; e-mail: <rislam@waite.adelaide.edu.au>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coordinator’s Report: Barley Chromosome 1H (5)

 

Gunter Backes

 

Risø National Laboratory, Plant Research Department

Resistance Biology Programme PRD 339

P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Denmark

 

It is an honor for me to follow Jens Jensen, who recently retired from our Institute, as the coordinator for chromosome 1H. As it seems wise to me to build upon the foun­dation he established, I will try to keep the map as an integral part of this report. In future, it will be enriched by microsatellites. For the moment being I am making do with the map he calculated, but changed the point of zero from nec1 to Ica1 according to the barley consensus map published by Langridge et al., 1995. There are very good arguments for keeping the zero-point at nec1; nevertheless, it seems that the centromeric region as origin for the measure of linkage distance to both arms has pre­vailed and may still be better than the most distal marker at the short arm of the chro­mosome. I also added the confidence intervals for the marker positions from Jens Jensen’s map. This may be problematical based on the change of the zero-point, but still gives a good impression of the reliability of the locus positions.

 

In the map (Fig. 1) you will find the positions of the new loci mentioned indicated by their running number.

 

Agronomic traits:

 

(1) Beecher et al., 2002 reported a locus for grain hardness and diastatic power mapped by QTL analysis on the short arm of chromosome 1H (Fig. 1): (1) in the ‘Steptoe’ ´ ‘Morex’ cross (150 DH lines). The traits were determined in bulks from replications from two years: 1992 and 2000.

 

(2) On the long arm of chromosome 1H (Fig. 1): (2), Ayoub et al., 2002 found by QTL analysis a locus influencing the kernel length, kernel perimeter and the within-sample variety of the kernel width, the kernel aspect ratio and the circular shape factor. The experiment was done with ‘Steptoe’ ´ ‘Harrington’ cross (140 DH lines) in 8 environments.

 

(3) Yin et al., 2002 detected a locus for kernel weight on the long arm of chromosome 1H by QTL analysis. The analysis was performed based on the data of 94 RILs from the cross ‘Prisma’ x ‘Apex’ with a two-year field experiment. As the linkage map only consisted of AFLP markers, an assignment to the map in Fig.1 was not possible.

 

(4) By mutant mapping, Börner et al., 2002 mapped a locus for flowering time on the long arm of chromosome 1H. This locus showed a distance of 38.9 cM from Xcmwg733 in the cross ‘mat-a.11’ x ‘Betzes’ and 22.0 cM in the cross ‘2571’ x ‘Betzes’. MWG733 is located at +71.4 cM in Fig. 1. As it was not clear from that publication, in which direction from the marker the locus is mapped, no assignment on the map in Fig. 1 could be mapped.

 

(5) In the same publication, the localization of a gene for flowering time under a long-day period by QTL analysis is described. This analysis was based on greenhouse data from the Oregon Wolfe barley population (93 DH-lines). The QTL on chromosome 1H (Fig. 1): (5) was the QTL with the highest LOD in this experiment.

 

Biotechnology related traits:

 

(6) On the short arm of chromosome 1H (Fig. 1): (6), Mano and Komatsuda, 2002 localized a locus for shoot differentiation in tissue culture using QTL analysis. The plant material used in this experiment were 99 RILs from the cross ‘Azumamugi’ ´ ‘Kanot Nakate Gold’.

 

(7) Taketa et al., 2002 mapped a locus they called Shw (Sterility in hybrids with wheat) to the long arm of chromosome 1HL (Fig. 1): (7) by the help of translocation lines. A comparison of the linkage map of 1H based on the cross ‘Lina’ ´ H. spontaneum and the one based on ‘Igri’ ´ ‘Franka’ with their physical map is also presented in this publication.

 

Disease resistance:

 

(8) A locus mediating resistance to barley stripe rust, both in seedling stage and the adult plant, was detected by QTL analysis on the short arm of chromosome 1H (Fig.1): (8) by Castro et al., 2002. The localization was performed with 94 DH lines from the cross of ‘Shyri’ ´ ‘Galena’.

 

Resistance gene analogs (RGAs):

 

(9) Rostoks et al., 2002 localized two homologues to the maize resistance gene Rp1-d on the long arm of chromosome 1H (Fig. 1): (9). Other homologues mapped to chromosome 3H, 5H, 6H and 7H.

 

(10) Mohler at al., 2002 showed that an RGA locus tightly linked to the Mla locus (Fig. 1): (10) showed linkage to Pm17 in rye and to a locus conferring quantitative resistance against Fusarium head blight disease in wheat.

 

Homoeologies:

 

(11) Sandhu and Gill, 2002 analyzed and compared the structural and functional organization of the ‘1S0.8 gene rich region’ on the short arm of the Triticeae homoeologous chromosome 1. They are showing comparisons between wheat, barley, rye and oat.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

Ayoub, M., S. J. Symons, M. J. Edney, and D. E. Mather. 2002. QTLs affecting kernel size and shape in a two-rowed by six- rowed barley cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:237-247.

Beecher, B., J. Bowman, J. M. Martin, A. D. Bettge, C. F. Morris, T. K. Blake, and M. J. Giroux. 2002. Hordoindolines are associated with a major endosperm-texture QTL in Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 45:584-591.

Börner, A., G. H. Buck-Sorlin, P. M. Hayes, S. Malyshev, and V.Korzun. 2002. Molecular mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci determining flowering time in response to photoperiod in barley. Plant Breed. 121:129-132.

Castro, A. J., X. M. Chen, P. M. Hayes, S. J. Knapp, R. F. Line, T. Toojinda, and H. Vivar. 2002. Coincident QTL which determine seedling and adult plant resis­tance to stripe rust in barley. Crop Sci. 42:1701-1708.

Langridge, P., A. Karakousis, N. Collins, J. Kretschmer, and S. Manning. 1995. A consensus linkage map of barley. Mol. Breed. 1:389-395.

Mano, Y. and T. Komatsuda. 2002. Identification of QTLs controlling tissue-culture traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:708-715.

Mohler, V., A. Klahr, G. Wenzel, and G. Schwarz. 2002. A resistance gene analog useful for targeting disease resistance genes against different pathogens on group 1S chromosomes of barley, wheat and rye. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:364-368.

Rostoks, N., J. M. Zale, J. Soule, R. Brueggeman, A. Druka, D. Kudrna, B. Steffenson and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. A barley gene family homologous to the maize rust resistance gene Rp1-D. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:1298-1306.

Sandhu, D. and K. S. Gill. 2002. Structural and functional organization of the '1S0.8 gene-rich region' in the Triticeae. Plant Mol. Biol. 48:791-804.

Taketa, S., M. Choda, R. Ohashi, M. Ichii, and K. Takeda. 2002. Molecular and physical mapping of a barley gene on chromosome arm 1HL that causes sterility in hybrids with wheat. Genome 45:617-625.

Yin, X., S. D. Chasalow, P. Stam, M. J. Kropff, C. J. Dourleijn, I. Bos, and P. S. Bindraban. 2002. Use of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex crop traits: a case study on yield in barley. Plant Breeding 121:314-319.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Linkage map of chromosome 1H.



Coordinator’s report: Chromosome 2H (2)

 

J.D. Franckowiak

 

Department of Plant Sciences

North Dakota State University

Fargo, ND 58105, U.S.A.

 

Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited primary by Fusarium graminearum, is a quantitatively inherited trait (Kolb et al., 2001). Resistant cultivars commonly have two-rowed spikes, are tall, and mature late (Belina et al., 2002; Rudd et al., 2001). Several studies have found that QTLs for resistance are located near the vrs1 (six-rowed spike) locus in chromosome 2HL (de la Pena et al., 1999; Ma et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1999). Recent studies suggest that three QTLs for resistance to FHB are present in chromosome 2H (Agrama et al., 2002; Mesfin et al., 2001). The second strongest one is located near the centromere and the Eam6 (early maturity 6) locus. The third one is located about 20cM or so distal from the vrs1 locus in chromosome 2HL.

 

Accessions shown to have FHB resistance associated with the vrs1 locus contain different alleles at that locus. They include: (1) vrs1.a (six-rowed spike) in Chevron (de la Pena et al., 1999; Ma et al., 2000) and Hietpas 5 (Lamb et al., 2002), (2) Vrs1.t (deficiens type two-rowed) in Shyri and Atahualpa (Vivar, 2001; Zhu et al., 1999), (3) Vrs1.d (two-rowed with large sterile laterals) in Svanhals and Zhedar 2 (Agrama et al., 2002), and (4) Vrs1.b (normal two-rowed spike) in CIho 4196 (Urrea et al., 2002) and Fredrickson (Mesfin et al., 2001). The vrs1.c (six-rowed spike with awnless laterals) allele is associated with susceptibility to FHB (Krasheninnik and Franckowiak, 2002).

 

Nduulu et al., 2002 found that molecular marker Bmag0140 in chromosome 2 was more efficient in selection for FHB resistance that those at other loci. They found that selected lines had lower FHB severity in two locations, nearly normal plant height, and late heading dates.  This suggests that the molecular marker was closer to the Eam6 (early maturity 6) locus than the hcm1 (short culm 1) locus or that the lines selected for study had a crossover between the hcm1 locus and the QTL for FHB resistance.

 

Arru et al., 2002 identified a major QTL for barley stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) in ‘Vada’ that mapped in chromosome 2H. They demonstrated that the QTL is at the same position as the Rdg1 resistance gene previous identified in ‘Alf’.

 

Locus descriptions for five morphological mutants that are in chromosome 2HL were published (Franckowiak and Lundqvist, 2002). They included accordion rachis 1 (acr1) as BGS 97, early maturity 6 (Eam6) as BGS 98, lesser internode number 1 (lin1) as BGS 99, slender dwarf 4 (sld4) as BGS 100, and branched 1 (brc1) as BGS 613.

 

References:

 

Agrama, H.A., L.S. Dahleen, R.D. Horsley, B.J. Steffenson, P.B. Schwarz, A. Mesfin, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. QTL analysis of Fusarium head blight in barley using the Chinese line Zhedar 2. p. 2. In S. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Siler and R.W. Ward (eds.) Proc. 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Erlanger, KY. 7-9 Dec. 2002. Michigan State University.

Arru, L., R.E. Niks, P. Lindhout, G. Valé, E. Francia, and N. Pecchioni. 2002. Genomic regions determining resistance to leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) in barley. Genome 45:460-466.

Belina, K.M., W.J. Wingbermuehle, and K.P. Smith. 2002. Genetic diversity of new Fusarium head blight resistant barley sources. p. 16-20. In S. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Siler and R.W. Ward (eds.) Proc. 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Erlanger, KY. 7-9 Dec. 2002. Michigan State University.

De la Pena, R.C., K.P Smith, F. Capettini, G.J. Muehlbauer, M. Gallo-Meagher, R. Dill-Macky, D.A. Sommers, and D.C. Rasmusson. 1999. Quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to Fusarium head blight and kernel discoloration in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:561-569.

Franckowiak, J.D., and U. Lundqvist. 2002. Descriptions of barley genetic stocks for 2001. BGN 32:47-137.

Kolb, F.L., G-H. Bai, G.J. Muehlbauer, J.A. Anderson. K.P. Smith, and G. Fedak. 2001. Host plant resistance genes for Fusarium head blight: mapping and manipulation of molecular markers. Crop Sci. 41:611-619.

Krasheninnik, N., and J.D. Franckowiak. 2002. Spike morphology and FHB reaction in barley. p.27. In Proc. 17th N. Amer. Barley Researchers. Workshop, 22-25 Sept. 2002, Fargo, ND.

Lamb, K.E., M.J. Green, R.D. Horsley, and B-X. Zhang. 2002. Mapping genes conferring Fusarium head blight resistance in C93-3230-24. p. 31. In S. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Siler and R.W. Ward (eds.) Proc. 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Erlanger, KY. 7-9 Dec. 2002. Michigan State University.

Ma, Z., B.J. Steffenson, L.K. Prom, and N.L.V. Lapitan. 2000. Mapping of quantitative loci for Fusarium head blight resistance in barley. Phytopathology 90:1079-1088.

Mesfin, A. P. Canci, R. Dill-Macky, K. Smith, and G. Muehlbauer. 2001. Barley chromosome 2: does it carry FHB resistance? In Proc. Plant and Animal Genome IX Conference. Jan. 13 to 17, 2001, San Diego, CA.

Nduulu, L.M., A. Mesfin, G.J. Muehlbauer, and K.P. Smith. 2002. Effect of Chevron alleles at two Fusarium head blight resistance QTL determined using near-isogenic lines. p. 35-38. In S. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Siler and R.W. Ward (eds.) Proc. 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Erlanger, KY. 7-9 Dec. 2002. Michigan State University.

Rudd, J.C., R.D. Horsley, A.L.McKendry, and E.M. Elias. 2001. Host plant resistance genes for Fusarium head blight: Sources, mechanisms, and utility in conventional breeding systems. Crop Sci. 41:620-627.

Urrea, C.A., R.D. Horsley, and B.J. Steffenson. 2002. Heritability of Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol accumulation from barley accession CIho 4196. Crop Sci. 42:1404-1408.

Vivar, H. 2001. Two decades of barley breeding. p. 77-82. .In H.E. Vivar and A. McNab (eds.). Breeding Barley in the New Millennium: Proceedings of an International Symposium. CIMMYT, Mexico., D.F.

Zhu, H., L. Gilchrist, P. Hayes A. Kleinhofs, D. Kudrna, Z. Liu, L. Prom, B. Steffenson, T. Toojinda, and H. Vivar. 1999. Does function follow form? Principal QTLs for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance are coincident with QTLs for inflorescence traits and plant height in a double haploid population of barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:1221-1232.


Chromosome 3H, a brief review of publications in 2001-2002.

 

R. P. Ellis

Scottish Crop Research Institute

Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK

 

There have been a number of reports of gene mapping  and quantitative trait (QTL) location on barley chromosome 3H. One highlight of the year is the report by Künzel and Waugh, 2002 of the mapping of 24 microsatellites (Ramsay et al., 2000) on the translocation based physical map (Künzel et al., 2000). The centromere was located between four microsatellites, Bmac0043, Bmag0131 and Bmag0905 on the short arm (Künzel and Waugh, 2002) and Bmac209 on the long arm.  The apparent clustering of microsatellites around the centromere was due to a suppression of recombination. The distribution of microsatellites over the chromosome meant that they were as valuable as RFLPs for genetic applications.

 

A wide range of QTLs have been located to chromosome 3H and the bin locations (Hayes et al., 2001) of 17  are summarised by Hoffman and Dahleen, 2002. The breeding of malting barley is a complex objective (Hayes et al., 2001) that forces breeders to work in narrow gene pools. Hoffman and Dahleen, 2002 compared RFLPs with RAPDs and AFLPs and while RFLPs identified the least polymorphism they gave results that best fitted the know history of their germplasm. This conclusion fits with the earlier report of Russell et al., 1997 who found that RFLPs were particularly valuable for assessing genetic relationships in European germplasm but require several probe/primer combinations to distinguish between accessions. In contrast, Russell et al., 1997 showed that SSR analysis resulted in the most polymorphic assay but, unlike AFLPs and RAPDs, required sequence analysis for optimisation. AFLPs and RAPDs do not require prior sequence knowledge but, as dominant markers, cannot be use to reveal true genetic relationships. Hoffman and Dahleen, 2002 conclude that further study is necessary to establish the basis of the phenotypic variation in the narrow six-row germplasm they studied.

 

Ellis et al., 2002 reported QTLs for the rate of leaf appearance in seedlings at Bmag318 and the stable isotope composition of seedling shoot (d13C) and root (d15N) and grain nitrogen composition all located at sdw1.Komatsuda and Mano 2002 report the mapping of the btr1 locus between the AFLPs e14m27.3.1. and e15m19.7 on the short arm of 3H, approximately 19 cM distal from uzu. They could not determine the position of the btr2 locus precisely but showed that it was tightly linked to btr1. The same authors investigated  tissue culture traits and found a QTL of large effect, centered on the uzu locus, that controlled  shoot differentiation from callus cultures (Mano and Komatsuda, 2002). Multiovary mutants were mapped to chromosomes 3H and 7H (Soule et al., 2000); mo7a mapped to 4 cM proximal from the RFLP marker MWG691 on the short arm of 3H. The comprehensive review of the location of QTLs for yield and hot water extract mapped to 3H by Thomas, 2003 includes a re-calculation of the public mapping data. In total five estimates of positions for QTL for HWE and eleven for yield are summarised.

 

Barley has the greatest number of publicly available ESTs of any crop species and Druka et al., 2002 mapped a barley gene GerD to bin4 of chromosome 3H. It is not possible to directly match this region of 3H with the markers used by Smilde et al., 2001 but if synteny is conserved then would appear likely that a rice homologue would exist between the MWG2021 and R1613 loci. The synteny between 3H and rice chromosome 1 could allow a number of novel loci to be identified in barley (Feuillet and Keller, 2002). For example Teng et al., 2002 report a QTL on rice chromosome 1 for vascular bundle number in the peduncle, a trait reported but not mapped in barley. Aluminium tolerance in rice was located on three chromosomes including rice 1 (Ma et al., 2002) while root length QTLs mapped to both arms of rice 1 (Hittalmani et al., 2002; Ma et al., 2002; Nguyen et al., 2002). Salt tolerance in rice has been mapped to the 50-65 cM region on chromosome 1 but markers in this area were found to be homologous with barley 1H and 7H (Bonilla et al., 2002). While the most likely explanation is that barley has a higher copy number than rice it is also possible that synteny is not conserved. These possibilities cannot be resolved as the flanking markers RM140 and C52903S  (Bonilla et al., 2002) were not included in the study of Smilde et al., 2001. Unfortunately a similar comment applies to the report of a major height QTL on rice chromosome 1 (Hittalmani et al., 2002) as it would be useful to know how this locus relates to the sdw1 locus in barley and this will resolved by sequencing the gene.

 

 

References:

 

Bonilla, P., J. Dvorak, D. Mackill, K. Deal, and G. Gregorio. 2002. RFLP and SSLP mapping of salinity tolerance genes in chromosome 1 of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using recombinant inbred lines: Philippine Agricultural Scientist 85: 68-76.

Druka, A., D. Kudrna, C.G. Kannangara, D. von Wettstein, and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. Physical and genetic mapping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) germin-like cDNAs: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99:850-855.

Ellis, R.P., B.P. Forster, D.C. Gordon, L.L. Handley, R.P. Keith, P. Lawrence, R. Meyer, W. Powell, D. Robinson, C.M. Scrimgeour, G. Young, and W.T.B. Thomas. 2002. Phenotype/genotype associations for yield and salt tolerance in a barley mapping population segregating for two dwarfing genes. Journal of Experimental Botany 53:1163-1176.

Feuillet, C. and B. Keller. 2002 Comparative Genomics in the grass family: Molecular characterization of grass genome structure and evolution. Annals of Botany 89:3-10.

Hayes, P.M., L. Cattivelli, L. Marquez-Cedillo, A. Corey, T. Henzler, B. Jones, J. Kling, I. Matus, C. Rossi, and K. Sato. 2001 A summary of published barley QTL reports. http://www.css.orst.edu/barley/nagmp/qtlsum.htm.

Hittalmani, S., H.E. Shashidhar, P.G. Bagali, N. Huang, J.S. Sidhu, V.P. Singh and G. S. Khush. 2002. Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for plant growth, yield and yield related traits across three diverse locations in a doubled haploid rice population. Euphytica 125:207-214.

Hoffman, D. and L. Dahleen. 2002. Markers polymorphic among malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars of a narrow gene pool associated with key QTLs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:544-554.

Komatsuda, T. and Y. Mano. 2002. Molecular mapping of the intermedium spike-c (int-c) and non- brittle rachis 1 (btr1) loci in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:85-90.

Künzel, G., L. Korzun and A. Meister. 2000. Cytologically integrated physical restriction fragment length polymorphism maps for the barley genome based on translocation breakpoints. Genetics 154:397-412.

Künzel, G. and R. Waugh. 2002. Integration of microsatellite markers into the translocation- based physical RFLP map of barley chromosome 3H. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:660-665.

Ma, J.F., R. F. Shen, Z.Q. Zhao, M. Wissuwa, Y. Takeuchi, T. Ebitani, M. Yano. 2002. Response of rice to Al stress and identification of quantitative trait loci for Al tolerance. Plant and Cell Physiology 43:652-659.

Mano, Y. and T. Komatsuda. 2002. Identification of QTLs controlling tissue-culture traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105:708-715.

Nguyen, V.T., B.D. Nguyen, S. Sarkarung, C. Martinez, A.H. Paterson and H.T. Nguyen. 2002 Mapping of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in rice: comparison of different genetic backgrounds. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 267:772-780.

Ramsay, L., M. Macaulay, S.D. Ivanissevich, K. MacLean, L. Cardle, J. Fuller, K.J. Edwards, S. Tuvesson, M. Morgante, A. Massari, E. Maestri, N. Marmiroli, T. Sjakste, M. Ganal, W. Powell and R. Waugh. 2000. A simple sequence repeat-based linkage map of barley: Genetics 156:1997-2005.

Russell, J.R., J.D. Fuller, M. Macaulay, B.G. Hatz, A. Jahoor, W. Powell and R. Waugh. 1997. Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95:714-722.

Smilde, W.D., J. Halukova, T. Sasaki and A. Graner. 2001. New evidence for the synteny of rice chromosome 1 and barley chromosome 3H from rice expressed sequence tags. Genome 44:361-367.

Soule, J.D., D. A. Kudrna and A. Kleinhofs. 2000. Isolation, mapping, and characterization of two barley multiovary mutants. Journal of Heredity 91:483-487.

Teng, S., Q. Qian, D.L. Zeng, Y. Kunihiro, D.N. Huang and L.H. Zhu. 2002. QTL analysis of rice peduncle vascular bundle system and panicle traits. Acta Botanica Sinica 44:301-306.

Thomas, W.T.B. 2003. Prospect for molecular breeding of barley. Annals of Applied Biology 142:1-12.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Chromosome 4H, a brief review of 2002 articles

 

B.P. Forster

Scottish Crop Research Institute

Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK

 

 

There have been a modest number of reports on mapping of chromosome 4 (4H) in 2002. Standard protocols using mapped markers and QTL analyses have included studies by Beecher et al., 2002 in identifying a grain hardness QTL near the marker ABG319; Ellis et al., 2002 reported a QTL for shoot weight (near to P17M62f), grain nitrogen (near to mlo) and plant yield (also near to mlo); and Ayoub et al., 2002 detected QTL for kernel width and area were between int-c and HVM40. The intermedium spike-c (int-c) locus was also the subject of a mapping exercise by Komatsuda and Mano, 2002 and was mapped to the end of 4HS, 8.2 cM distal from the MWG2033 marker.

 

In 2002 Hoffman and Dahleen published an interesting paper comparing genetic diversity among four closely related malting barley cultivars using RFLP, PCR-RAPD and AFLP markers. The highest number of polymorphic loci was detected on 4H (0.1 polymorphisms per cM). Commercially important traits on 4H include lodging, grain yield, malt extract, heading date plant height, alpha amylase and diastatic power. The study concluded that despite the narrow gene pool there was still appreciable genetic variation for agronomic and malting quality traits available to breeders.

 

Tens of thousands of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are available in barley and have been exploited in both genetic and physical mapping. Druka et al., 2002 used comparative nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses of over 49,000 ESTs to identify 124 germin and germin-like cDNAs. These were grouped into 5 families and distributed over five barley chromosomes including 4H. Similarly, Michalek et al., 2002 generated over 13,000 ESTs from which certain gene families were subsequently mapped including a transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (eEF1A) on 4H. Such studies are set to increase.

 

High through put analyses provided by new genomic approaches are now revealing details of genome organisation. Gene rich areas, gene islands, are being discovered in barley. It has been estimated that the average distance between barley genes is 240 kb (based on an estimated genome size of 5,000 Mb and 21,00 genes, Dubcovsky et al., 2001). Gene rich areas with significantly denser frequencies have been found on 4HL (Panstruga et al., 1998) and in Bin 13 also on 4HL (Druka et al., 2002).

 

With respect to synteny, barley 4H equates to the group 4 homoeologues of wheat (with some exception) and most of rice chromosome 3 (some of rice chromosome 3 is syntenic to 5H). For more on comparative genome mapping see Ware et al., 2002 and the Gramene web site: http://www.gramene.org where links can be found to other mapping sites, e.g. Grain Genes: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov .

 

References:

 

Ayoub, M., S.J. Symons, M.J. Edney, and D.E. Mather. 2002. QTLs affecting kernel size and shape in a two-rowed by six-rowed barley cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105: 237-247.

Beecher, B, J. Bowman, J.M. Martin, A.D. Bettge, C.F. Morris, T.K. Blake, and M.J. Giroux. 2002. Hordoindolines are associated with a major endosperm-texture QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 45:584-591.

Druka, A., D. Kudrna, C.G. Kannangara, D. von Wettstein, and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. Physical and genetic mapping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) germin-like cDNAs. Proc. of the National Academy of Science, USA 99:850 –855.

Dubcovsky, J., W. Ramakrishna, P.J. San Miguel, C.S. Busso, L. Yan, B.A. Shiloff, and J.L. Bennetzen. 2001. Comparative sequence analysis of colinear barley and rice bacterial artificial chromosomes. Plant Physiol. 125:1342-1353.

Ellis, R.P., B.P. Forster, D.C. Gordon, L.L. Handley, R.P. Keith, P. Lawrence, R. Meyer, W. Powell, D. Robinson, C.M. Scrimgeour, G. Young, and W.T.B. Thomas. 2002. Phenotype/genotype associations for yield and salt tolerance in a barley mapping population segregating for two dwarfing genes. J. Exp. Bot 53:1163-1176.

Hoffman, D. and L. Dahleen. 2002. Markers Polymorphic among malting barley (Hordeum uilgare L.) cultivars of a narrow gene pool associated with key QTLs. Theor. Appl. Genet 105:544-554.

Komatsuda, T. and Y. Mano. 2002. Molecular mapping of the intermedium spike-c (int-c) and non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) loci in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:85-90.

Michalek, W., W. Weschke, K.-P. Pleissner, and A. Graner. 2002. EST analysis in barley defines a unigene set comprising 4,000 genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:97-103.

Panstruga, R., Büschges R., Piffanelli, P. and Schulze-Lefert, P. 1998. A contigous 60kb genomic stretch from barley reveals molecular evidence for gene islands in a monocot genome. Nucleic Acids Research 26:1056-1062.

Ware, D., P. Jaiswai, J. Ni, X. Pan, K. Chang, K. Clark, L. Teytelman, S. Schmidt, W. Zhao, S. Cartinhour, S. McCouch, and L. Stein. 2002. Gramene: a resource for comparative grass genomics. Nucl. Acids Res. 30:103–105.

 

 

 

 



Coordinator’s Report: Chromosome 5H (7)

 

George Fedak

 

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada

 

A phenotypically polymorphic barley mapping population (Oregon Wolf Barley population) was developed (Cost et al., 2001) from two phenotypically distinct parents (Wolfe and Franckowiak, 1991). The map consisted of 725 markers with 101 located on chromosome 5H. Chromosome 5H also contained one of the three zones where marker distortion was observed, in this case in favour of the dominant allele.

 

Hordoindolines are endosperm-specific proteins that control grain hardness.  The major QTL for grain hardness was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5H in the Steptoe x Morex population (Beecher et al., 2002) to a location corresponding to the location of the Hardness locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D of wheat.

 

Four HIR (hypersensitive-induced-reaction) genes were mapped using various mapping populations Rostoks et al., 2001. Two of the genes, Hv-hir2 and Hv-hir3 were mapped to chromosome 5H at bin positions 07 and 04 respectively.

 

A QTL for stripe rust resistance accounting for 58-67% of the genetic variability for the trait was located on chromosome 5H using the Calicuchima x Bowman mapping population (Castro et al., 2001).

 

Molecular markers were used to pyramid stripe rust resistance genes from chromosomes 4 and 7. The doubled haploid line containing these genes is designated BCD-47 (Vales et al., 2002).

 

A gene for Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) caused by Septoria passerini was found in the accession CIho 4780 and has been putatively assigned to chromosome 5H using the Steptoe/Morex population (Zhong et al., 2002).

 

Germin-like CDBAs with oxalate oxidase and superoxide dismutase activity have been assigned to five chromosome regions, one of which is located on chromosome 5H (Druka et al., 2002).

 

A series of six disomic additions of Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum OUH602 including chromosome 5H, and four ditelosomic additions, including 5HS have been added to wheat cultivar Shinchunaga (Taketa and Takeda, 2001).

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

Beecher, B., J. Bowman, J.M. Martin, A.D. Bettge, C.F. Morris, T.K. Blake and M.J. Giroux 2002. Hordoindolines are associated with a major endosperm-texture QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 45:584-591.

Castro, A., P.M. Hayes, T. Fillichkin and Carlos Rossi. 2001. Update of barley stripe rust resistance QTL in a Calicuchima-sib x Bowman mapping population. BGN 32:1-12.

Costa, J.M., A. Corey, {.M. Hayes, C. Jobet, A. Kleinhofs, A. Kopisch-Obusch, S.F. Kramer, D. Kudrna, M. Li, O. Piera-Lizaragu, K. Sato, P. Szucs, T. Toojinda, M.I. Vales and R.I. Wolfe. 2001. Molecular mapping of the Oregon Wolfe Barleys: a phenotypically polymorphic doubled-haploid population.  Theor. Appl. Genet.  103: 415-424.

Druka, A., D. Kudrna, C. Gamini Kannangara, Diter von Wettstein and Andris Kleinhofs. 2002. Physical and genetic mapping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) germin-like CDNAs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:850-855.

Rostoks, Nils, D. Kudrna and A. Kleinhofs. 2001. Mapping and sequencing of the barley putative hypersensitive induced reaction genes. BGN32:34-37.

Taketa, S. and K. Takeda. 2001. Production and characterization of a complete set of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) chromosome addition lines. Breeding Science 51:199-206.

Vales, M.I., P.M. Hayes, A. Castro, A. Corey, C. Mundt, F. Capettini, H. Vivar, S. Sandoval-Islas, C. Schwen. 2002. Resistance to barley stripe rust: a model for understanding genetically complex traits. Plant, Animal and Microbe Genomes. X. 2002 Poster 403.

Wolfe, R.I. and J.D. Franckowiak. 1991. Multiple dominant and recessive genetic marker stocks in spring barley. BGN20:117-121.

Zhong, S., T. Toubia-Rahme, B. Steffenson and R. Waugh. 2002. Molecular mapping of Septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance in barley. Plant Animal and Microbe Genomes X. 2002. Poster 406.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



Coordinator’s report: Chromosome 7H

 

Lynn S. Dahleen

USDA-Agricultural Research Service

Fargo, ND 58105, USA

 

Gene isolation, mapping, and marker development for barley chromosome 7H progressed rapidly in 2002. Researchers looked at single genes and QTLs for disease resistance, morphological markers, and many agronomic traits.

 

The group at Washington State University (Brueggeman et al., 2002) isolated Rpg1, which has given barley resistance to stem rust since the 1940’s. This gene encodes a receptor kinase-like protein, different from other plant resistance genes, and shows a defective structure in susceptible cultivars. The same group (Rostoks et al., 2002) identified barley homologs to the maize rust resistance gene Rp1-D. Five members of this gene analog family were clustered near Rpg1 on the short arm of 7H.

 

Malatrasi et al., 2002 used a modified differential display procedure to isolate sequences expressed in response to drought, cold, and ABA. They went on to isolate a full length stress-responsive gene, Srg6, with similarity to a mouse DNA-binding protein.  Srg6 mapped to a region of chromosome 7H that is linked to osmotic adaptation in barley and other grasses. Another group of genes expressed in response to pathogen attack or abiotic stresses is the barley germins. Druka et al., 2002 examined germin-like sequences using ESTs and the barley BAC library.  Three of these ESTs mapped to chromosome 7H, including one from subfamily II (HvGLP1) and two from subfamily III (GerB and GerF).

 

Two groups examined sequences of known genes in more detail. Domon et al., 2002 looked at the 5’ leader sequence of the waxy gene in barley germplasm from Japan and Korea. Amplification of the leader sequence resulted in a 600 bp fragment in lines with the wax allele, and a 800 or 1000 bp fragment in lines with the Wax allele.  The insertion sequence was conserved in both the 600 and 1000 bp fragments and there also was a deletion to create the 600 bp sequence. Paris et al. 2002 examined the sequences of four allelic forms of Bmy1, developing single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify each allele. These markers can be used for direct selection of the Bmy1 alleles desired in breeding new cultivars.

 

Three studies were published examining QTLs for resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis). Grønnerød et al., 2002 mapped resistance in a cross between Ingrid and Abyssinian. They identified two major QTL, one on 7H that provided resistance to isolate 2. Bjørnstad et al. 2002 then developed near-isogenic lines by backcrossing to Ingrid and confirmed the recovery of the resistance gene on 7H. When they screened barley lines from Norway (Reitan et al., 2002), they found that the gene on chromosome 7H was not incorporated into the Norwegian breeding materials.

 

Additional mapping projects included other disease resistance loci and agronomic traits. Park and Karakousis, 2002 mapped Rph19 (aka RphP) for resistance to Puccinia hordei to the long arm of chromosome 7H. This resistance gene is present in several Australian barleys. A minor-effect QTL for resistance to leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) was located on 7H by Arru et al., 2002. Two QTLs for green shoot ratio from tissue culture (the percent of shoots regenerated that are green) were located on chromosome 7H (Mano and Komatsuda, 2002). QTLs for heading date (Börner et al., 2002), grain hardness (Beecher et al., 2002), yield, spikes/m2, number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight (Yin et al., 2002) and diastatic power (Ayoub and Mather, 2002) also were located on 7H.

 

Matus and Hayes, 2002 examined diversity in SSRs among barley accessions, including spontaneum lines, mapping parents and Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc. lines. Polymorphism information content of the chromosome 7H SSRs was high, even in the elite materials. Vershinin et al., 2002 studied LINE and gypsy-like retroelements, and mapped two LINE sequences to 7H. Kanazin et al., 2002 discovered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between five genotypes for a number of RFLP loci, including six SNPs on chromosome 7H. Holton et al., 2002 identified additional SSR markers from barley and wheat ESTs and located one to 7H.

 

References:

 

Arru, L., R.E. Niks, P. Lindhout, G. Valé, E. Francia and N. Pecchioni. 2002. Genomic regions determining resistance to leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) in barley. Genome 45:460-466.

Ayoub, M. and D.E. Mather. 2002. Effectiveness of selective genotyping for detection of quantitative trait loci: an analysis of grain and malt quality traits in three barley populations. Genome 45:1116-1124.

Beecher, B., J. Bowman, J.M. Martin, A.D. Bettge, C.F. Morris, T.K. Blake and M.J. Giroux. 2002. Hordoindolines are associated with a major endosperm-texture QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 45:584-591.

Bjørnstad, A., V. Patil, A. Tekauz, A.G. Marøy, H. Skinnes, A. Jensen, H. Magnus and J. MacKey. 2002. Resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) studied by near-isogenic lines: I. Markers and differential isolates. Phytopath. 92:710-720.

Börner, A., G.H. Buck-Sorlin, P.M. Hayes, S. Malyshev and V. Korzun. 2002. Molecular mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci determining flowering time in response to photoperiod in barley. Plant Breeding 121:129-132.

Brueggeman, R. N. Rostoks, D. Kudrna, A. Kilian, F. Han, J. Chen, A. Druka, B. Steffenson and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. The barley stem rust-resistance gene Rpg1 is a novel disease-resistance gene with homology to receptor kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:9328-9333.

Domon, E., M. Fuijita and N. Ishikawa. 2002. The insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the waxy gene of barley genetic resources from East Asia. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:132-138.

Druka, A., D. Kudrna, C. Gamini Kannangara, D. von Wettstein and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. Physical and genetic mapping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) germin-like cDNAs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99:850-855.

Grønnerød, S., A.G. Marøy, J. MacKey, A. Tekauz, G.A. Penner and A. Bjørnstad. 2002. Genetic analysis of resistance to barley scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in the Ethiopian line ‘Abyssinian’ (CI668). Euphytica 126:235-250.

Holton, T.A., J.T. Christopher, L. McClure, N. Harker and R.J. Henry. 2002. Identification and mapping of polymorphic SSR markers from expressed gene sequences of barley and wheat. Molec. Breed. 9:63-71.

Kanazin, V., H. Talbert, D. See, P. DeCamp, E. Nevo and T. Blake. 2002. Discovery and assay of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Plant Molec. Biol. 48:529-537.

Malatrasi, M., T.J. Close and N. Marmiroli. 2002. Identification and mapping of a putative stress response regulator gene in barley. Plant Molec. Biol. 50:143-152.

Mano, Y. and T. Komatsuda. 2002. Identification of QTLs controlling tissue-culture traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:708-715.

Matus, I.A. and P.M. Hayes. 2002. Genetic diversity in three groups of barley germplasm assessed by simple sequence repeats. Genome 45:1095-1106.

Paris, M., M.G.K. Jones and J.K. Eglinton. 2002. Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms for selection of barley B-amylase alleles. Plant Molec. Biol. Rep. 20:149-159.

Park, R.F. and A. Karakousis. 2002. Characterization and mapping of gene Rph19 conferring resistance to Puccinia hordei in the cultivar ‘Reka 1’ and several Australian barleys. Plant Breeding 121:232-236.

Reitan, L., S. Grønnerød, T.P. Ristad, S. Samati, H. Skinnes, R. Waugh and Å. Bjørnstad. 2002. Characterization of resistance genes against scald (Rhynchosporium secales (Oudem.) J.J. Davis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines from central Norway, by means of genetic markers and pathotype tests. Euphytica 123: 31-39.

Rostoks, N., J.M. Zale, J. Soule, R. Brueggeman, A. Druka, D. Kudrna, B. Steffenson and A. Kleinhofs. 2002. A barley gene family homologous to the maize rust resistance gene Rp1-D. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:1298-1306.

Vershinin, A.V., A. Druka, A.G. Alkhimova, A. Kleinhofs and J.S. Heslop-Harrison. 2002. LINEs and gypsy-like retrotransposons in Hordeum species. Plant Molec. Biol. 49:1-14.

Yin, X., S.D. Chasalow, P. Stam, M.J. Kropff, C.J. Dourleijn, I. Bos and P.S. Bindraban. 2002. Use of component analysis in QTL mapping of complex crop traits: a case study on yield in barley. Plant Breeding 121:314-319.

 

 

 

 

 



Integrating Molecular and Morphological/Physiological Marker Maps

 

A. Kleinhofs

 

Dept. Crop and Soil Sciences and

School of Molecular Biosciences

Washington State University

Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA

 

Pozzi et al. 2000 mapped the calcaroides (cal) and leafy lemma (lel) mutants. The mapping was mostly in reference to AFLP markers, but sufficient RFLP markers were indicated to allow approximation to the Bin map. The results were cal-a.1 – chromosome 2(2H)-01; cal-b.19 – chr. 7(5H)-06; cal-d.4 – chr. 3(3H)-07; Cal-C.15 – chr. 7(5H)-06; cal-23 – chr. 7(5H)-06; lel1 – chr. 5(1H)-12; and lel2 –chr. 7(5H)-05. Based on allelism tests cal-b and cal.23 were shown to define two distinct loci. However, the recessive mutant cal-b.19 and the dominant mutant Cal-c.15 may represent alleles or very tightly linked loci.

 

Druka et al., 2003 mapped the anthocyanin-less 30 (ant30) mutant to chromosome 7(5H)-13 and showed it to be due to mutations in the chalcone flavonone isomerase (Cfi) gene (Gene Bank accession AF474923). This gene resides in the same chromosome bin as the barley stem rust resistance gene rpg4.

 

References:

 

Pozzi, C., P. Faccioli, V. Terzi, A. M. Stanca, S. Cerioli, P. Castiglioni, R. Fink, R. Capone, K. J. Muller, G. Bossinger, W. Rohde, and F. Salamini. 2000. Genetics of mutations affecting the development of a barley floral bract. Genetics 154: 1335-1346.

Druka, A., D. Kudrna, N. Rostoks, R. Brueggeman, D. von Wettstein, and A. Kleinhofs. 2003. Chalcone isomerase gene from rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare): physical, genetic and mutation mapping. Gene 302:171-178.

 

 

 

 

 

 



Coordinator’s report: Barley Genetic Stock Collection

 

A.Hang

 

USDA-ARS, National Small Grains

Germplasm Research Facility,

Aberdeen, Idaho 83210, USA

e-mail: anhang@uida.edu

 

Over 100 barley genetic male sterile stocks were planted in the greenhouse for seed increase. One hundred eighteen barley translocation stocks were increased in the field.  In collaboration with Dr. Jerry Franckowiak, over 780 barley genetic stocks derived from crossing with cultivar ‘Bowman’ were planted in the field at Aberdeen in two-rowed single plot for seed increase and for agronomic evaluation. One hundred male sterile stocks and one hundred-eighteen translocation stocks were incorporated in the GRIN network.

 

One hundred thirty-seven barley genetic stocks were shipped to researchers in 2002.

 

Thirty-eight nitrate reductase mutants were obtained from Dr. Andy Kleinhofs.  Seeds will be increased in the field in 2003.

 

Allelism testing of a chlorina mutant derived from the barley cultivar ‘Russell’ was continued.  Seeds of the chlorina mutant were planted again in the greenhouse in 2002 and were crossed with the following mutants: GSHO 7, Nepal V chlorina; GSHO 10, Smyrna III chlorina; GSHO 19; GSHO 116; GSHO 174; GSHO 1738 chlorina 11 (fch 11); and GSHO 1739 chlorina 14 (fch 14). Results of these F1 crosses are shown in Table 1.

 

 

Table 1. Phenotype of F1 crosses from various cross combinations.

 

Cross

Number

Cross

Combinations

Number

of plants

F1

Phenotype

 

 

 

 

02C-119

GSHO 7 chlorina seedling/Russel mutant (RM)

18

All green

02C-120

GSHO 1738 chlorina seedling/RM

15

All green

02C-131

GSHO 174 chlorina seedling/RM

22

All green

02C-149

GSHO 1739 chlorina seedling/RM

22

All green

02C-156

GSHO 7 chlorina seedling/RM

8

All green

02C-157

GSHO 10 chlorina seedling/RM

25

All green

02C-166

    RM

23

All green

02C-199

    RM

11

All green

 

These results indicated that the Russell chlorina mutant is not allelic to GSHO 7; GSHO 10; GSHO 19; GSHO 116; GSHO 174; GSHO 1738; and GSHO 1739 chlorina seedlings.

 


Coordinator’s report:  Trisomic and aneuploid stocks

 

A. Hang

USDA-ARS, National Small Grains

Germplasm Research Facility,

Aberdeen, Idaho 83210, USA

e-mail: anhang@uida.edu

 

There is no new information about trisomic and aneuploid stocks.  A list on these stocks are available in BGN 25:104.  Seed request for these stocks should be sent to the coordinator.

 

 

 

 


Coordinator’s report: Translocations and balanced tertiary trisomics

 

Andreas Houben

 

Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research

06466 Gatersleben, Germany

email: houben@ipk-gatersleben.de

 

There were no requests for samples of the translocations or balanced tertiary trisomics stock collection. The collection is being maintained in cold storage. To the best knowledge of the coordinator, there are no new publications dealing with translocations or balanced tertiary trisomics in barley. Interested individuals are encouraged to submit publications, finding, or other interesting material to the coordinator.

 

 

 


Coordinator's report: Autotetraploids

 

Wolfgang Friedt

Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding I,

Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32

 DE-35392 Giessen,Germany.

e-mail: wolfgang.friedt@agrar.uni-giessen.de

 Fax:+49(0)641-9937429

 

The collection of barley autotetraploids described in former issues of BGN is maintained at the Giessen Field Experiment Station of our institute. The whole set of stocks, i.e. autotetraploids (4n) and corresponding diploid(2n) progenitors (if available) have been grown in the field for seed multiplication in 2000. Limited seed samples of the stocks are available for distribution.

 

 


Coordinator’s report: Eceriferum Genes

 

Udda Lundqvist

 

SvalöfWeibull AB

SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden

e-mail: udda@ngb.se

 

 

No new research on gene localization has been reported on the collection of Eceriferum genes since the descriptions published in Barley Genetics Newsletter, Volume BGN 26.

 

The International Database for Barley Genes and Genetic Stocks is finally published and found on the net under address  http://www.untamo.net/bgs  in the AceDB system. All the Eceriferum Glossy mutants are included and illustrated with images, both overviews and close-up character pictures.

 

Every research of interest can be reported to the coordinator as well. Requests for seeds of the different Swedish Eceriferum mutants can be forwarded to the Nordic Gene Bank, nordgen@ngb.se , for all other Glossy genes to the Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS), Aberdeen, ID, USA, anhang@uida.edu   or to the coordinator at any time.

 

 

 


Coordinator’s report: The Genetic Male Sterile Barley Collection

 

M.C. Therrien

 

Agriculture and Agrifood Canada

Brandon Research Centre

Box 1000A, RR#3, Brandon

Manitoba, Canada R7A 5Y3

E-mail: Mtherrien@em.agr.ca

 

 

The GMSBC has been at Brandon since 1992. If there are any new sources of male-sterile genes that you are aware of, please advice me, as this would be a good time to add any new source to the collection. For a list of the entries in the collection, simply E-mail me at the above adress. I can send the file (14Mb) in Excel format. We continue to store the collection at -20oC and will have small (5 g) samples available for the asking. Since I have not received any reports or requests the last years, there is absolutely no summary in my report.

 



Coordinator´s report: Nuclear genes affecting the chloroplast

 

Diter von Wettstein

 

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,

Washington State University

Pullman WA 99164-6420, USA

E-mail: diter@wsu.edu

 

The stock list and genetic information presented in the Barley Genetics Newsletter 21: 102-108 is valid and up-to-date. The stocks have been transferred to the Nordic Gene Bank. Requests for stocks available for distribution are to be either sent to:

 

Dr. Mats Hansson

Department of Biochemistry

Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Lund University

P.O.Box 124

SE-221 00 Lund, SWEDEN

Phone: +46-46-222 0105

Fax:     +46-46-222 4534

E-mail: Mats.Hansson@biokem.lu.se

 

or to

Nordic Gene Bank

P.O. Box 41

SE-230 53 Alnarp

Sweden

Phone: +46 40 536640

FAX: +46 40 536650

e-mail: nordgen@ngb.se

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Coordinator’s report: Ear morphology Genes

 

Udda Lundqvist

 

SvalöfWeibull AB

SE-268 81 Svalöv Sweden

e-mail: udda@ngb.se

 

 

New or revised locus descriptions for sixteen ear morphological mutants were published in BGN 32 (Franckowiak and Lundqvist, 2002). They are including: Seminuoides 1 (smn1) as BGS 38, Pyramidatum 1 (Pyr1) as BGS 42, Subjacent hood (Calcaroides-a) (sbk) as BGS 62, Accordion rachis (acr1) as BGS 97, Calcaroides-d (cal-d) as BGS 146, Zeocriton 2 (Zeo2) as BGS 614, Zeocriton 3 (Zeo3) as BGS 184, Leafy lemma 1 (lel1) as BGS 235, Branched 1 (brc1) as BGS 613, Bracteatum-a (bra-a) as BGS 619, Calcaroides-b (cal-b) as BGS 620, Calcaroides-c (Cal-c) as BGS 621, Calcaroides-e (cal-e) as BGS 622, Opposite spikelets (ops1) as BGS624, Scirpoides-a (sci-a) as BGS 625 and Breviaristatum (Ari-s) as BGS 630.

 

Komatsuda and Mano, 2002, published the mapping of Intermedium spike-c locus, located on chromosome 4HS, to the end of the short arm 8.2 cM distal from the MWG2033 locus. Their analysis was followed by a composite interval mapping of quantitative trait loci, which verified the position of the int-c locus.

 

No other research work on other gene localization has been reported of Ear Morphology Genes. The International Database for Barley Genes and Genetic Stocks is finally published and found on the net under address  http://www.untamo.net/bgs in the AceDB system. All different Ear Morphology Genes are included and most of them are illustrated with images both overviews and close-up character pictures. Every research of interest can be reported to the coordinator as well.

 

Seed requests can be forwarded to the Nordic Gene Bank  nordgen@ngb.se  or the Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS) Aberdeen, ID, USA,   anhang@uida.edu  or to the coordinator at any time.

 

References:

 

Franckowiak, J.D. and U.Lundqvist, 2002. Descriptions of barley genetic stocks for 2001. Barley Genetics Newsletter, BGN 32:49-137.

Komatsuda, T. and Y. Mano. 2002. Molecular mapping of the intermedium spike-c (int-c) and non-brittle rachis 1 (brt1) loci in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:85-90.

 

 

 

 



Coordinator’s report: Semidwarf genes

 

J.D. Franckowiak

 

Department of Plant Sciences

North Dakota State University

Fargo, ND 58105, U.S.A.

 

New locus descriptions for 15 barley genes that affect primarily plant height were published (Franckowiak and Lundqvist, 2002). They included six brachytic mutants: brh3 (BGS 631) at an unknown location, brh4 (BGS 349) in chromosome 5HL, brh5 (BGS 185) in chromosome 4HS, brh6 (BGS 350) in chromosome 5HL, brh7 (BGS 41) in chromosome 7HS, and brh8 (BGS 142) in chromosome 3HS. Three mutants were assigned locus symbols in the slender dwarf group: sld3 (BGS 186) in chromosome 4HS, sld4 (BGS 100) in chromosome 2HL, and sld5 (BGS 144) in chromosome 3HS. Four many noded dwarf mutants were described: mnd3 (BGS 618), mnd4 (BGS 347), mnd5 (BGS 632), and mnd6 (BGS 633). The mutant at the mnd3 locus were previous associated with chromosome 3H and the one at mnd4 with chromosome 5HL. The Ari-s (BGS 630, breviaristatum-s) locus symbol was assigned to a semidominant mutant that shortens floral parts (glumes, lemma, and palea) and reduces plant height. The Zeo3 (BGS 184, zeocriton 3) gene symbol was assigned to the semidominant gene for compact spikes and reduced culm length that is located in chromosome 4HS.

 

Reference:

 

Franckowiak, J.D., and U. Lundqvist. 2002. Descriptions of barley genetic stocks for 2001. BGN 32:47-137.

 

 

 

 


Coordinator’s report:Wheat-barley genetic stocks

 

A.K.M.R. Islam

 

Department of Plant Science, The University of Adelaide

Waite Campus,

Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia

 

Following last years report on the attempted production of amphiploid from Hordeum marinum x Triticum durum crosses, only three seeds have been obtained on six colchicine treated F1 hybrids.  One of them produced a 42-chromosome plant which exhibited mostly 21” at meiosis and thus a true amphiploid has been obtained (Islam and Colmer, unpublished).

 

 

 


Coordinator’s report: Early Maturity Genes

 

Udda Lundqvist

 

SvalöfWeibull AB

SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden

e-email: udda@ngb.se

 

Two new locus descriptions for Early Maturity mutants were published in BGN 32 (Franckowiak and Lundqvist, 2002). They are Early maturity 5 (eam5) as BGS 348 and Early maturity 6 (Eam6) as BGS 98.

 

Franckowiak, 2003, suggested because of field observations in barley plots in New Zealand that a line with the Eam6 gene from a Midwest (USA) six-rowed barley headed slightly later than European derived two-rowed lines. In North Dakota, USA (13 to 14 hour photoperiod), the European material is 5 to 10 days later than Eam6 cultivars. Thus, it seems that a photoperiod sensitive gene is present in European two-rowed barley cultivars. The gene is located very close to the vrs1 locus in chromosome 2HL and appears to respond to long-day conditions (12 to 13 hours). Probably this is another complicating component in the photoperiod response system to barley.

 

No other research work on gene localization has been reported during 2002. The International Database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic stocks is finally converted to the AceDB system and is found at   http://www.untamo.net/bgs   All different Early maturity and Praematurum Genes are included and most of them are illustrated with images mostly overviews. Every research of interest can be reported to the coordinator as well.

 

Seed requests can be forwarded to the Nordic Gene Bank  nordgen@ngb.se   or the Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS) Aberdeen, ID, USA,   anhang@uida.edu   or to the coordinator as well.

 

References:

 

Franckowiak, J.D. 2003. (Personal communications).

 

Franckowiak, J.D. and U. Lundqvist, 2002. Descriptions of barley genetic stocks for 2001. Barley Genetics Newsletter, BGN 32:49-137.