GrainGenes
A Database for Triticeae and Avena
REPORTS
OF THE COORDINATORS
Overall
coordinator’s report
Udda Lundqvist
SvalöfWeibull AB
SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden
e-mail: udda@ngb.se or udda@nordgen.org
Since the latest overall coordinator’s report
in Barley Genetics Newsletter Volume 35, no changes of the coordinators have
been reported. I do hope that most of you are willing to continue with this
work and provide us with new important information and literature search in the
future. Please observe some address changes have taken place since the last
volume of BGN.
As it
became decided at the 9th International Genetic Barley Symposium in
In this connection I also want to call upon the
barley community to pay attention on the AceDB database for ’Barley Genes and
Barley Genetic Stocks’. It contains much information connected with images and
is useful for barley research groups inducing barley mutants and looking for
new characters. It gets updated continuously and some more images are added to
the original version. Also the germplasm part is under revision. The searchable
address is: www.untamo.net/bgs
List of Barley Coordinators
Chromosome 1H (5): Gunter Backes, Department of Agricultural
Sciences, The Royal Vetenary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40,
DK-1871 Fredriksberg C,
Chromosome 2H (2): Jerry. D. Franckowiak, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O.Box 5051, Fargo, ND 58105-5051, USA. FAX: +1 701 231 8474; e-mail: <j_franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu>
Chromosome 3H (3): Luke Ramsey, Cell and Molecular Genetics
Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie,
Chromosome 4H (4): Brian P. Forster, Cell and Molecular Genetics
Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie,
List of Barley Coordinators (continued)
Chromosome 5H (7): George Fedak, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6, FAX: +1 613 759 6559; e-mail: <fedakga@agr.gc.ca>
Chromosome 6H (6): Duane Falk, Department of Crop Science,
Chromosome 7H (1): Lynn Dahleen, USDA-ARS,
Integration of molecular and morphological marker maps: Andy Kleinhofs, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA. FAX: +1 509 335 8674; e-mail: <andyk@wsu.edu>
Trisomic and aneuploid stocks: An Hang, USDA-ARS, National Small
Grains Germplasm Research Facility, 1691 S. 2700 W.,
Translocations and balanced tertiary trisomics: Andreas Houben,
Desynaptic genes: Andreas Houben,
Autotetraploids: Wolfgang Friedt,
Disease and pest resistance genes: Brian Steffenson, Department of
Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford
Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108-6030, USA. FAX: +1 612 625 9728; e-mail: <bsteffen@umn.edu>
Eceriferum genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX:.+46 418 667109; e-mail: <udda@ngb.se or udda@nordgen.org>
Chloroplast genes: Mats Hansson, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. FAX: +46 46 222 4534 e-mail: <mats.hansson@biokem.lu.se>
Genetic male sterile genes: Mario C. Therrien, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1000A, R.R. #3, Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 5Y3, FAX: +1 204 728 3858; e-mail: <MTherrien@agr.gc.ca>
Ear morphology genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268
81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX: +46 418 667109; e-mail: udda@ngb.se
or udda@nordgen.org
Antonio Michele Stanca: Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sezione di Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Via Protaso 302, IT-29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy. FAX +39 0523 983750, e-mail: <michele@stanca.it>
Semi-dwarf genes: Jerry D. Franckowiak, Department of Plant
Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 5051, Fargo, ND 58105-5051,
USA. FAX: +1 702 231 8474; e-mail:
<j_franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu>
Early maturity genes: Udda Lundqvist, Svalöf Weibull AB, SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden. FAX: +46 418 667109; e-mail: <udda@ngb.se or udda@nordgen.org>
Biochemical mutants - Including lysine, hordein and nitrate reductase: Andy Kleinhofs, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA. FAX: +1 509 335 8674; e-mail: <andyk@wsu.edu>
Barley-wheat genetic stocks: A.K.M.R. Islam, Department of Plant Science, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia. FAX: +61 8 8303 7109; e-mail: <rislam@waite.adelaide.edu.au>
Coordinator’s Report: Barley Chromosome 1H (5)
Gunter Backes
The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University
Department of Agricultural Sciences
Thorvaldsensvej 40
DK-1871
e-mail: guba@kvl.dk
American
six-row malting barleys possess an effective and durable resistance against
spot blotch. In the variety ‘Morex’ Steffenson et al. (Steffenson et al.
1996) had dissected his resistance into a seedlings resistant on chromosome 7H,
one major QTL for adult plant resistance on chromosome 1H and one minor QTL for
adult plant resistance on chromosome 7H. This was done in a doubled haploid
population from the cross ‘Steptoe’ ´ ‘Morex’, and
‘Morex’ contributet all alleles for resistance. In order to confirm these
resistance genes, ‘Morex’ resistance against spot blotch was investigated in
the crosses ‘Dicktoe’ ´ ‘Morex’ and
‘Harrington’ ´ ‘Morex’ (Bilgic et al. 2005). Additionally,
the experiment in the cross ‘Steptoe’ ´ ‘Morex’ was repeated. While the latter experiment confirmed the QTL
found before, no QTL on chromosome 1H was detected in the other two crosses.
The localistion of QTLs for
straw-quality characteristics of barley under drought stress was the aim of
Grando et al. (2005). For this
purpose 494 F7 recombinant inbred lines were scored in two years and
two locations for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF),
voluntary intake (INT), lignin content (LIC), crude protein (CP ) and
digestible organic matter in dry matter (OMD). Additionally, in one
environment, the percentages of blades, sheaths and stems, respectively (PCB,
PCH, PCS) were measured. On chromosome 1H, eight QTLs were found: one for NDF,
INT and CP, one for ADF and PCS, one for PCH, two for INT, one for LIC and NDF,
one for CP and one for INT and ash content.
Peighambari et al. (2005) performed a QTL analysis
in 72 doubled haploid lines from the cross Steptoe ´ Morex for several agronomical traits scored
in two years. On chromosome 1H, four different QTLs were detected: one for
number of seeds per spike, one for the date of spike inititiation, one for
spikes per plant and thousand-seeds-weight and one for date of flowering and
date of maturity.
In order
to localize QTLs for different disease resistances, Yun et al. (2005) analysed 104 F6-plants from a cross between the spontaneum-line OUH602 and the cultivar
‘Harrington’. They phenotyped the lines for resistance against powdery mildew,
leaf scald, Septoria speckled leaf blotch, net type net blotch and spot blotch.
On the short arm of chromosome 1H, they detected one QTL for powdery mildew (at
or nearby the position of the Mla-locus), one QTL for scald and one QTL for net
type net blotch. While the allele conferring resistance for scald and powdery
mildew originated from OUH602, ‘Harrington’ contributed the allele for
resistance against net type net blotch.
In an
advanced backcross population (BC2DH) originating from a cross
between the spontaneum line ISR42-8
and the variety ‘Scarlett’, von Korff et al. (2005) detected QTLs for
different disease resistances. On chromosome 1H, they found a major QTL for
resistance against powdery mildew, at or near by the Mla-locus. The alleles of the spontaneum-line reduced disease severity
by 51.5%.
Hori et al.
(2005) presented an alternative approach for advanced backcrosses. They
produced both doubled haploid lines and BC3F2 lines from
a same cross between the Japanese malting barley variety ‘Haruna Nijo’ and the spontaneum-line
H605. The linkage map was calculated in the population of doubled haploids and
subsequently a QTL analysis was done in both populations for agronomic and
phenotypic traits. On the short arm of chromosome 1H, one QTL was found for kernel
weight and the number of spikelets per
ear in the BC3F2.
On the long arm of the same chromosome, they detected a QTL for the number of
spikelets per ear in the doubled haploids.
In an
attempt to find QTL influencing ‘none-parasitic leaf spots’ (NPLS), Behn et al. (2005) analysed 536 DH lines from a cross between the NPLS
tolerant barley line ‘IPZ 24727’ and the variety ‘Krona’ and compared them with
results published before (Behn et al.
2004) from a cross with the same ant
line and the variety ‘Barke’ (all spring barley varieties). On
chromosome 1H, they found a minor QTL NPLS-tolerance in each of the crosses,
but on different regions of the chromosome. Additionally, they detected three
different QTLs for heading date and two QTLs for plant height on the same
chromosome.
Yin et al (2005) looked for QTLs
representing inputs for a ecophysiological phenology model predicting flowering
time in the cross ‘Apex’ ´ ‘Prisma’: fo as the minimum number of days from sowing to flowering under optimal
conditions,. θ1 and θ2 as the development stage for the start and the
end of the photoperiod-sensitive phase, respectively, and δ as the parameter characterizing the
photoperiod-sensitivity. On chromosome 1H, they found 3 different loci: one for
the θ1, one
for fo and one for all four parameters.
By
addition lines, Nasuda et al. (2005)
localised totally 701 EST sequences to the 7 barley chromosomes. Seventy one
were assigned to chromosome 1H.
Rostoks et al. (2005) presented an integrated
map from three populations originating from the crosses ‘Steptoe’ ´ ‘Morex’, ‘Lina’ ´ HS92 and ‘Oregon Wolfe Barley
Dominant’ ´ ‘Oregon Wolfe Barley Recessive’. Beside 904 RFLP, SSR, and AFLP markers
localized before, the map is enriched by 333 EST unigenes, localized by SNPs,
InDels or SSRs within these genes. For many of these unigenes, up- or
down-regulation under different stress conditions is presented as well as the
localization of the respective homologues in rice. On chromosome 1H, 41
unigenes were localized.
References
Behn, A., L. Hartl, G. Schweizer, and G. Wenzel.
2004. QTL mapping for resistance against non-parasitic leaf spots in a
spring barley doubled haploid population. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(7): 1229-1235.
Behn, A., L. Hartl, G. Schweizer, and M. Baumer. 2005. Molecular mapping of QTLs for non-parasitic leaf spot resistance and comparison of half-sib DH populations in spring barley. Euphytica 141(3): 291-299.
Bilgic, H., B. J. Steffenson, and P. M. Hayes. 2005. Comprehensive genetic analyses reveal differential expression of spot blotch resistance in four populations of barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111(7): 1238-1250.
Grando, S., M. Baum, S. Ceccarelli, A. Goodchild, F. Jaby El-Haramein, A. Jahoor, and G. Backes. 2005. QTLS for straw quality characteristics identified in recombinant inbred lines of a Hordeum vulgare x H. spontaneum cross in a Mediterranean environment. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110(4): 688-695.
Hori, K., K. Sato, N. Nankaku, and K. Takeda. 2005. QTL analysis in recombinant chromosome substitution lines and doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Mol. Breeding 16(4): 295-311.
Korff, M. von, H. Wang, and J. Léon. 2005. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley. I. Detection of resistance genes against powdery mildew, leaf rust and scald introgressed from wild barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111(3): 583-590.
Nasuda, S., Y. Kikkawa, T. Ashida, K. Sato, A. K. M. R. Islam, K. Sato, and T. R. Endo. 2005. Chromosomal assignment and deletion mapping of barley EST markers. Genes & Genetic Systems 80(5): 357-366.
Peighambari, S. A., B. Y. Samadi, C.
Nabipour, Gilles, and A. Sarrafi. 2005. QTL analysis for agronomic
traits in a barley doubled haploids population grown in
Rostoks,
N., S. Mudie, L. Cardle, J. Russell, L. Ramsay, A. Booth, J. Svensson, S.
Wanamaker, H. Walia, E. Rodriguez, P. Hedley, H. Liu, J. Morris, T. Close, D.
Marshall, and R. Waugh. 2005. Genome-wide SNP discovery and linkage analysis in
barley based on genes responsive to abiotic stress. Mol. Genet. Genom. 274(5): 527.
Steffenson, B. J., P. M. Hayes, and A.
Kleinhofs. 1996. Genetics of seedling and adult plant resistance to net
blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) and spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92(5): 552-558.
Yin, X. Y., P. C. Struik, F. A. van Eeuwijk, P. Stam, and J. J. Tang. 2005. QTL analysis and QTL-based prediction of flowering phenology in recombinant inbred lines of barley. J. Exp. Bot. 56(413): 967-976.
Yun,
S., L. Gyenis, P. Hayes,
Coordinator’s report: Chromosome 2H (2)
J.D. Franckowiak
Department of Plant Sciences
e-mail: j.franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu
Gottwald et al. (2004) reported on an attempt to isolate the gene controlling a gibberellic-acid insensitive dwarf mutant in barley. The locus was named sdw3 and is closely linked to RFLP marker MWG2287 on 2HS near the centromere. The gene symbols gai and GA-ins were used for the mutant in line Hv287 in earlier publications (Börner et al., 1999). This region of 2HS is orthologous with a highly conserved region on rice chromosome 7L. ESTs in this region were used to identify three putative GA-related ORFs in rice that might correspond to the sdw3 locus (Gottwald et al., 2004).
Dahleen et al. (2005) studied 27 mutants from various sources that were placed in the brachytic (brh) group of semidwarf mutants. Based on allelism tests and molecular mapping studies using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, the mutants occurred at 18 different loci. Three of the brachytic mutants were located on chromosome 2H: ert-t (brh3.y), brh4.j, and brh10.l. Several mutants earlier identified as having a brh3 phenotype were found to be allelic at the ert-t locus. Since the ert-t locus symbol was the symbol first published for this locus, it will be the recommended symbol. The ert-t locus was positioned near the tip of 2HS distal from SSR marker Bmac0134. The brh4 locus was positioned near bin 9 of 2HL and brh10 was position in bins 4 or 5 of 2HS (Dahleen et al., 2005).
Hori et al. (2005) mapped QTLs for resistance Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited primarily by Fusarium graminearum, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a resistant two-rowed accession ‘Russian 6’ and a very susceptible six-rowed accession H.E.S. 4 from Afghanistan. Reactions to FHB were determined using a cut spike test where field grown spikes were harvested at anthesis and sprayed with a conidial suspension. The six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) and closed flowering (cly1/Cly2) loci were mapped on 2HL. Two QTLs for FHB severity were detected on 2HL: one near the vrs1 locus in bin 10 and one near the cly1/Cly2 locus in bin 13. Rachis internode length was correlated with FHB severity. Other QTLs found on 2HL included early heading in bin 8, plant height and number fertile rachis nodes (spike length) in bin 10, and rachis internode length near bin 13.
Hori et al. (2006) used two-rowed barley accessions from
Horsley et al. (2006) reported that chromosome 2HL contains a series of
agronomically important traits and QTLs for resistance to FHB and for the
accumulation of the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). ‘Foster’, a
The transfer of favorable genes
from wild barley to cultivated barley was evaluated in backcross two of a
doubled-haploid population by von Korff et
al. (2006). Early heading and short stature were associated with the early
maturity 1 (Eam1 or Ppd-H1) gene in the bin 3 region of
2HS. A second QTL for short stature was found in the bin
Sameri and Komatsuda (2004) studied heading time in barley using RILs from a cross between a winter six-rowed accession and a spring two-rowed cultivar. Heading times for the RILs were estimated under long-day, short-day, and continuous light conditions. Two QTLs for early heading were detected on 2H under both spring and fall sown conditions, but not under continuous light. The QTL near the centromere from the winter parent, Azumamugi, probably corresponds to the Eam6 or eps2S locus. The QTL on 2HL was also from the winter parent, but at a position not frequently associated with early maturity genes in barley.
Liu et al. (2005) identified in barley two full-length cDNA sequences homologous to caleosin, a seed-storage oil-body protein from sesame. The cDNAs, named HvClo1 and HvClo2, are paralogs that cosegregate and were mapped on chromosome 2HL in bin 9 near marker CDO588.. HvClo1 is expressed during late stages of embryogenesis and is seed specific. HvClo2 is expressed in endosperm tissues during grain development.
Tondell et al. (2006) observed that four of twelve drought tolerance QTLs found on a barley consensus map were associated with regulatory candidate genes that mapped in similar genome positions. One of the four candidate genes is on chromosome 2HL in the bin 9 region.
Rostoks et al. (2005) used SNP discovery and linkage analysis to construct an integrated SNP map of more than 300 SNP loci. With the integration of RFLP, AFLP, and SSR markers, the map contained a total of 1,237 loci. Two regions of chromosome 2H were associated with QTLs for seedling tolerance to high salt concentrations.
References:
Börner, A., V. Korzun, S. Malyshev, and V. Ivandic. 1999. Molecular mapping of two dwarfing genes differing in their GA response on chromosome 2H of barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:670-675.
Dahleen, L.S., H.A. Agrama, R.D. Horsley, B.J. Steffenson, P.B. Schwarz, A. Mesfin, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2003. Identification of QTLs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in Zhedar 2. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:95-104.
Dahleen, L.S., L.J. Vander Wal, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2005. Characterization and molecular mapping of genes determining semidwarfism in barley. J. Hered. 96:654-662.
Gottwald, S., N. Stein, A. Börner, T. Sasaki, and A.
Graner. 2004. The gibberellic-acid insensitive dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley is located on chromosome
2HS in a region that shows high colinearity with rice chromosome 7L. Mol. Gen.
Genomics 271:426-436.
Hori, K., T. Kobayashi, K. Sato, and K. Takeda. 2005. QTL analysis of Fusarium head blight resistance using a high-density linkage map in barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1661-1672.
Hori, K., K. Sato, T. Kobayashi, and K. Takeda. 2006. QTL analysis of Fusarium head blight severity in recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between two-rowed barley varieties. Breed. Sci. 56:25-30.
Horsley, R.D., D. Schmierer, C. Maier, D. Kudrna, C.A. Urrea, B.J. Steffenson, P.B. Schwarz, J.D. Franckowiak, M.J. Green, B. Zhang, and A. Kleinhofs. 2006. Identification of QTLs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in barley accession CIho 4196. Crop Sci. 46:145-156.
Korff, M. von, H. Wang, J. Léon, and K. Pilen. 2006. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley: II. Detection of favourable exotic alleles for agronomic traits introgressed from wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). Thoer. Appl. Genet. 112:1221-1231.
Lui
H., P. Hedley, L. Cardle, K.M. Wright,
Rostoks, N., S. Mudie, L. Cardle, J. Russell, L. Ramsay, A.
Booth, J. T. Svensson, S.I. Wanamaker, H. Walia, E.M. Rodriguez, P.E. Hedley,
H. Liu, J. Morris, T,J. Close, D.F. Marshall, and R. Waugh. 2005. Genome-wide
SNP discovery and linkage analysis in barley based on genes responsive to
abiotic stress. Mol. Gen. Genomics 274:515-527.
Sameri, M. and T. Komatsuda. 2004. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling heading time in the population generated from a cross between Oriental and Occidental barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.). Breed. Sci. 54:327-332.
Tondell, A. E. Francia, D. Barabschi, A. Aprile, J.S.
Skinner, E.J. Stockinger, A.M. Stanca, and N. Pecchioni. 2006. Mapping
regulatory genes as candidates for cold and drought stress tolerance in barley.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 112:445-454.
Coordinator’s Report: Barley Chromosome
3H
L.
Ramsay
Genetics
Programme
Scottish
Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie,
e-mail: Luke.Ramsay@scri.ac.uk
Over the last year there have been a number of publications reporting the mapping of genes and QTL on barley chromosome 3H. The largest number of genes assigned to 3H was the 271 mapped by Cho et al. (2006) using transcriptome analysis on the wheat-barley disomic chromosome addition lines. Rostoks et al. (2005) mapped 51 genes to 3H as part of a genome–wide SNP discovery programme in which over 300 genes responsive to abiotic stress were mapped, mostly as SNPs. These publications confirmed the close syntenic relationship between barley 3H and rice chromosome 1. This synteny was used by Mammadov et al. (2005) to direct the development of 9 EST-derived STS markers that were mapped onto a high resolution map of the leaf rust resistance gene Rph5 region on 3HS including five that co-segregated with the resistance gene. Hori et al. (2005) also published mapping data based on 60 EST derived markers, 7 of which mapped to 3H. These represent a small subset of 163 mapped to 3H by Sato et al. (2004), however primer information on the seven is given in Hori et al. (2005) allowing the association of EST sequences to the loci.
The mapping of individual genes has also reported in the last year with the barley homologue of GIGANTEA, HvGI, mapping to a syntenic position on 3HS (Bin 5-6) (Dunford et al., 2005). This gene is the homologue of an Arabidopsis flowering time regulator, however its map position does not correspond to the map position of any known flowering time QTL in barley. Skinner et al. (2006) reported the mapping of HvICE2 a homologue of an Arabidopsis low temperature regulatory gene to 3HL (Bin 13-14). However, again, the map position of this candidate gene did not correspond to the position of a known low-temperature tolerance QTL.
The barley homologue of acsF, an enzyme involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 3H through the use of the wheat-barley disomic chromosome addition lines and was shown to be the known mutant Xantha-l (Rzeznicka et al.,. 2005).
Although much mapping work utilised the growing genomic resources in barley there were reports that used more generic approaches. Thus Mammadov et al. (2006) utilised degenerate primers designed to conserved motifs of the NBS region in known resistance genes to isolate 190 resistance gene analogues (RGA) clones from barley genomic DNA and mapped two of them to 3H (Bin 4 and Bin 14) using the Steptoe x Morex DH mapping population. AFLP have been used for detailed mapping of the btr1/btr2 locus on 3HS (Senthil and Komatsuda, 2005) and some of these have been converted to STS markers (Azhacuvel et al., 2006).
Again this year a considerable number of QTL were reported in the literature some of which mapped to 3H. These included an increasing number of reports using recombinant chromosome substation lines to delineate association of quantitative traits with genomic regions (Hori et al., 2005, von Korff et al., 2005, 2006, Yun et al., 2006). Thus von Korff et al. (2005) report QTL for powdery mildew resistance on 3HS (Bin 5-6) and on 3HL (Bin 13-15) with the latter interval also housing QTL for resistance to leaf rust and scald. The same population, derived from H. vulgare spontaneum introgressions into the spring barley cultivar Scarlett, has also been assessed for agronomic traits (von Korff et al., 2006). Several traits are reported to be associated with regions on chromosome 3H including brittleness of the rachis with a region on 3HS (Bin 3-6) and a large number of traits including height and harvest index with a region on 3HL (Bin 10-16). The authors postulate that these associations could be explained by the segregation of btr1 and sdw-1 (denso) respectively in this population. Other QTLs on 3H found in this study do not have obvious candidate genes but are consistent with other studies. Thus a QTL for thousand grain weight found on the distal end of 3HL (Bins 14-15) appears to relate to a similar QTL found by Hori et al. (1995) in a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between the cultivar Haruna Nijo and a Hordeum sponteneum accession. Other QTL found on populations derived from the same cross include ear length, number of spikelets and culm length (Hori et al., 1995).
Other studies that report QTL on 3H include those for agronomic characters discovered using the Steptoe x Morex mapping population reported by Peighambari et al. (2005). The QTL found on 3H include those for date of flowering, date of maturity, plant height and spike length (Peighambari et al., 2005). In an extensive study on straw quality characteristics reported by Grando et al. (2005) the QTL reported on 3H include those for acid detergent fibre, lignin content, voluntary intake and digestible organic matter (Grando et al., 2005).
In addition to the work reported in von Korff et al. (2005) other disease resistance QTL have been reported on 3H in the last year. Bilgic et al. (2005) found a total of four QTL for seedling (Bins 4-6 and 11-12) and adult resistance (Bins 2-4 and 9-11) to spot blotch in a study comparing resistance expression in four populations. The authors postulate that the seedling and adult resistances could relate to the same underlying QTL and note that the resistance mapped to 3HS does not correspond to anything reported previously (Bilgic et al., 2005). Yun et al. (2005) report a net blotch QTL on 3H (Bin 6) shown in a RIL population derived from a cross between H. vulgare spontaneum (OUH602) and the cultivar Harrington. This QTL was confirmed in a RCSL population derived from the same cross (Yun et al., 2006).
References:
Azhacuvel P., D. Vidya-Saraswathi, and T.
Komatsuda. 2006. High-resolution linkage mapping for the non-brittle rachis
locus btr1 in cultivated x wild
barley (Hordeum vulgare) Plant Sci
170: 1087-1094.
Bilgic H, B. Steffenson, and P. Hayes. 2005. Comprehensive genetic analyses
reveal differential expression of spot blotch resistance in four populations of
barley. Theor Appl Genet 111: 1238-1250.
Cho, S.H., D.F. Garvin, and G.J. Muehlbauer.
2006. Transcriptome analysis and physical mapping of barley genes in
wheat-barley chromosome addition lines.
Genetics 172: 1277-1285.
Dunford, RP.,
Grando S, M. Baum, S. Ceccarelli, A. Goodchild, F.J. El-Haramein, A. Jahoor, and G. Backes. 2005. QTLs for straw quality
characteristics identified in recombinant inbred lines of a Hordeum vulgare x H spontaneum cross in a Mediterranean environment Theor Appl
Genet 110 : 688-695
Hori, K., K. Sato, N. Nankaku, and K. Takeda.
2005. QTL analysis in recombinant chromosome substitution lines and doubled
haploid lines derived from a cross between Hordeum
vulgare ssp vulgare and Hordeum vulgare ssp spontaneum. Mol Breeding
16:295-311.
Korff M. von, H. Wang, J. Léon, and K. Pillen
K.. 2005. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley. I. Detection of resistance genes
against powdery mildew, leaf rust and scald introgressed from wild barley.
Theor Appl Genet 111: 583-590.
Korff M. von, H. Wang, J. Léon, and K. Pillen.
2006. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley. II. Detection of favourable exotic
alleles for agronomic traits introgressed from wild barley. Theor Appl
Genet 112: 1221-1231.
Mammadov, J.A., Z. Liu, R.M. Biyashev, G.J.
Muehlbauer, and M.A.S. Maroof.. 2006. Cloning, genetic and physical mapping of
resistance gene analogs in barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.). Plant Breeding 125: 32-42.
Mammadov, J.A., B.J. Steffenson, and M.A.S.
Maroof. 2005. High-resolution mapping of the barley leaf rust resistance gene Rph5 using barley expressed sequence
tags (ESTs) and synteny with rice. Theor Appl Genet 111: 1651-1660.
Rostoks, N., S. Mudie, L. Cardle, J. Russell, L.
Ramsay, A. Booth, J.T. Svensson, S.I. Wanamaker, H. Walia, E.M. Rodriguez, P.E.
Hedley, H. Liu, J. Morris, T.J. Close, D.F. Marshall, and R. Waugh. 2005.
Genome-wide SNP discovery and linkage analysis in barley based on genes
responsive to abiotic stress. Mol Gen Genom 274: 515-527.
Rzeznicka, K., C.J. Walker, T. Westergren, C.G.
Kannangara, D. von Wettstein, S. Merchant, S.P. Gough and M.Hansson. 2005. Xantha-l encodes a membrane subunit of
the aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in
chlorophyll biosynthesis. Proc Nat Acad
Sato, K., N. Nankaku, Y. Motoi, and K. Takeda.
2004. A large scale mapping of ESTs on barley genome. In: J. Spunar and J, Janikova (eds.), pp. 79-85. Barley Genetics
IX. Proc.Ninth Int. Barley Genet. Symp.,
Senthil, N. and T. Komatsuda. 2005.
Inter-subspecific maps of non-brittle rachis genes btr1/btr2 using occidental, oriental and wild barley lines.
Euphytica 145: 215-220.
Skinner J., P. Szűcs, J. von Zitzewitz, L. Marquez-Cedillo, T. Filichkin, E.J, Stockinger, M.F. Thomashow, T.H.H. Chen, and P.M. Hayes. 2006. Mapping of barley homologs to
genes that regulate low temperature tolerance in Arabidopsis. Theor Appl Genet 112: 832-842.
Yun S.J, L. Gyenis, P.M. Hayes, I. Matus, K.P. Smith, B.J. Steffenson, and G.J. Muehlbauer. 2005. Quantitative trait loci for
multiple disease resistance in wild barley. Crop Sci 45: 2563-2572.
Yun S.J, L. Gyenis, E. Bossolini, P.M. Hayes, I. Matus, K.P. Smith, B.J. Steffenson, R. Tuberosa, and G.J. Muehlbauer 2006. Validation of quantitative
trait loci for multiple disease resistance in barley using advanced backcross
lines developed with a wild barley. Crop Sci 46: 1179-1186.
Coordinators
Report: Chromosome 5H(7)
George Fedak
Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre
Agriculture &
e-mail: fedakga@agr.gc.ca
Winterhardiness in winter barley is controlled by regulatory elements of photoperiod sensitivity and vernalization response combined with the physical trait of low temperature tolerance. Of the six photoreceptors mapped on two mapping populations, only one, HvPhyC, coincided with a photoperiod response QLT on chromosome 5HL (Szucs et al., 2006). The vernalization locus VRN-H1 (HvBM5A) whose expression is regulated by photoperiod has been mapped on chromosome 5HL and is closely linked to HvPhyC.
Reproductive frost tolerance is the ability of reproductive organs to tolerate low temperatures. A QTL on chromosome 5H for tolerance to frost-induced floret sterility and frost-induced grain damage was identified in three mapping populations (Reinheimer et al., 2004). This locus is located close to the vrn-H1 locus on chromosome 5H and has been associated with the locus giving a response at both vegetative and reproductive developmental stages.
Seed dormancy is an important trait that can prevent preharvest sprouting and regulate germination during the malting process. A major seed dormancy QLT was detected on chromosome 5H plus two others on chromosome 1H in a mapping population derived from crossing the Japanese malting cultivar Haruna Nijo x H602 (H. spontaneum – dormant) (Sato et al., 2006). Seven EST markers were localized in the vicinity of the QLT on chromosome 5H.
Identification of QTL resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) continues to be a challenging exercise. Chromosome 5H appears to be a lesser contributor of FHB resistance QTL. For example, in recombinant inbred populations derived from two-rowed crosses of Harbin (R) x Turkey 6 (HR), resistance QTL were located on all chromosomes except 5H (Hori et al., 2006). However, in an RI population derived from Russia 6 (HR) x HES4 (HS), which was mapped with 1,255 markers, two pulative resistance loci were located on chromosome 2H and one on 5H (Takeda, 2004).
Of more general interest to barley geneticists are the assembly of a high density microsatellite consensus map and the sequencing of the barley chloroplast genome. The consensus microsatellite or SSR map was assembled by combining the information from six independent mapping populations. It consists of 784 unique microsatellite loci from 696 primers spanning 1,137.6 cM with an average density of one SSR marker every 1.45 cM (Varshney et al., 2006).
The chloroplast genome of barley consists of 136,462 bp, including a large single copy region of 80,600 bp, a small single copy region of 12,704 bp, plus a pair of inverted repeats of 21,597 bp. The genome consists of 104 genes, including 70 peptide-encoding genes, plus 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes that are duplicated in the inverted repeat (Saski et al., 2006). This genome is practically identical to other cereal chloroplast genomes, indicating that such genomes are highly conserved.
References:
Hori, K., K. Sato, and K. Takeda. 2006. Comparison of Fusarium heat blight resistance loci in barley RI populations. Poster 327. Plant and Animal Genome XIV Conference. (http://www.intl-pag.org/14/abstracts/PAG14_P327.htm).
Reinheimer, J.L., A.R. Bar, and J.K. Eglinton. 2004. QTL mapping of chromosomal regions conferring reproductive frost tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:1267-1274.
(http://www.intl-pag.org/14/abstracts/PAG14_P327.htm).
Sato, K., K. Hori, and K. Takeda. 2006. QTL for seed dormancy from wild barley Hordeum Vulgare ssp. Spontaneum. Poster 309. Plant and Animal Genomes XIV Conference. (http://www.intl-pag.org/14/abstracts/PAG14_P327.htm).
Szucs, P., I. Karsai, J. von Zitzewitz, L.D.D. Cooper, T.H.H. Chen, P.M. Hayes, and J.S. Skinner. 2006. Positional relationship between photoperiod response QTL and photoreceptor and vernalization genes in barley. Poster 351. Plant and Animal Genomes XIV Conference.
(http://www.intl-pag.org/14/abstracts/PAG14_P327.htm).
Takeda, K. 2004. Inheritance of the Fusarium Head Blight resistance in barley. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 40:143.
Varshney, R.K., T.C. Marcell, L. Ramsey, J. Russell, M.S. Roeder, N. Stein, P. Langridge, R. Waugh, R. Niks, and A. Graner. 2006. A high density microsatellite consensus map of barley. Workshop 304. Plant and Animal Genome XIV Conference.
(http://www.intl-pag.org/14/abstracts/PAG14_P327.htm).
Coordinator’s Report: Chromosome 7H
Lynn S. Dahleen.
USDA-Agricultural Research Service
e-mail: DAHLEENL@fargo.ars.usda.gov
2005 brought many reports of various QTLs detected in populations derived from wild x cultivated barley crosses, with the goal of transferring desirable genes into elite breeding lines. Hori et al. (2005b) located QTLs for glume length, rachis-internode length, dormancy after five and ten weeks, ear length and kernel weight on chromosome 7H in a population derived from a cross with H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (accession H602). An examination of straw quality QTLs (Grando et al. 2005) located several loci on chromosome 7H, for traits acid detergent fiber, lignin content, voluntary intake, and percentage of sheaths by weight of the air-dried straw sample. They used a RIL population derived from H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum accession 41-1. Li et al. (2005) determined QTLs for yield, yield components and malting quality in an advanced backcross population with H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum accession HS213. Five QTLs were located on chromosome 7H, for heading date, ear length, spikelet number per spike, protein content and friability. QTLs involved in dormancy and desiccation tolerance were located in H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum accession Wadi Qilt genotype 23-39 (Zhang et al. 2005a). Loci for maximum germination rate under drought stress, and minimum and maximum revival after drought stress were located on chromosome 7H. A new dominant scald resistance gene, Rrs15 derived from H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (accession CPI 77132 Caesarea plant 38), was located on the long arm of chromosome 7H, near the SSR marker HVM49 (Genger et al. 2005). In another study using H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (accession OUH602), Yun et al. (2005) identified a new resistance locus on chromosome 7H for spot blotch (Rcs2-4). This gene was located on the short arm of the chromosome in a cluster of genes for resistance to fungal diseases. A third disease resistance study with H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (accession ISR42-8) used advanced backcross QTL analysis and located two resistance loci on chromosome 7H, one for powdery mildew (QPm.S42-7H.a) and one for leaf rust (QLr.S42-7H.a), both on the long arm (von Korff et al. 2005).
Additional studies located genes
and QTLs from cultivated crosses. Emebiri et
al. (2005b) examined disease resistance in a two-rowed barley population
segregating for malting quality traits. The only locus on chromosome 7H,
identified by QTL and classical linkage analyses, was for stem rust resistance,
likely Rpg1. Adult and seedling
resistance to spot blotch in Morex was compared in four doubled haploid
populations by Bilgic et al. (2005).
They found that the locus on chromosome 7H, presumably Rcs5, was consistently identified for both seedling and adult plant
resistance, while loci on other chromosomes were not found in all four
populations. Hori et al., (2005a)
located QTLs for Fusarium head blight resistance from the cultivar
In a cross between two low
protein parents, Emebiri et al.
(2005a) located QTLs for grain protein content on five chromosomes. The one on
chromosome 7H significantly reduced protein in six of the eight environments
tested and was not associated with QTLs for yield, height or heading date.
Peighambari et al. (2005) tested the
Steptoe x Morex doubled haploid population for agronomic traits in
One study has looked at expanding our selection of molecular markers for barley. Zhang et al. (2005b) tested 98 EST-SSR markers derived from wheat sequences in barley. They found that 50.4% of the markers amplified sequences in barley. When they examined some of the amplified sequences in more detail, most had repeats similar to those in wheat.
Additional mapping and marker
work can be found in proceedings from various meetings, like the North American
Barley Researchers Workshop, held in
References:
Bilgic, H., B.J. Steffenson, and P.M. Hayes. 2005. Comprehensive genetic analyses reveal differential expression of spot blotch resistance in four populations of barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1238-1250.
Dahleen, L.S., L.J. Vander Wal, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2005. Characterization and molecular mapping of genes determining semidwarfism in barley. J. Hered. 96:654-662.
Emebiri, L.C., D.B. Moody, R. Horsley, J. Panozzo, and B.J. Read. 2005a. The genetic control of grain protein content variation in a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between Australian and North American two-rowed barley lines. J. Cereal Sci. 41:107-114.
Emebiri, L.C., G. Platz, and D.B. Moody. 2005b. Disease resistance genes in a doubled haploid population of two-rowed barley segregating for malting quality attributes. Australian J. Agric. Res. 56:49-56.
Genger, R.K., K. Nesbitt, A.H.D. Brown, D.C. Abbott, and J.J. Burdon. 2005. A novel barley scald resistance gene: genetic mapping of the Rrs15 scald resistance gene derived from wild barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Plant Breeding 124:137-141.
Grando, S., M. Baum, S. Ceccarelli, A. Goodchild, F. Jaby El-Haramein, A. Jahoor, and G. Backes. 2005. QTLs for straw quality characteristics identified in recombinant inbred lines of a Hordeum vulgare x H. spontaneum cross in a Mediterranean environment. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:688-695.
Hori, K., T. Kobayashi, K. Sato, and K. Takeda. 2005a. QTL analysis of Fusarium head blight resistance using a high-density linkage map of barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1661-1672.
Hori, K., K. Sato, N. Nankaku, and K. Takeda. 2005b. QTL analysis in recombinant chromosome substitution lines and doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Molec. Breeding 16:295-311.
Korff, M. von, H. Wang, J. Léon, and K. Pillen. 2005. AB-QTL analysis in spring barley. 1. Detection of resistance genes against powdery mildew, leaf rust and scald introgressed from wild barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:583-590.
Li, J.Z., X.Q. Huang, F. Heinrichs, M.W. Ganal, and M.S. Röder. 2005. Analysis of QTLs for yield, yield components, and malting quality in a BC3-DH population of spring barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:356-363.
Yun,
S.J., L. Gyenis, P.M. Hayes,
Zhang, F., G. Chen, Q. Huang, O. Orion, T. Krugman, T. Fahima, A.B. Korol, E. Nevo, and Y. Gutterman. 2005a. Genetic basis of barley caryopsis dormancy and seedling desiccation tolerance at the germination stage. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:445-453.
Zhang, L.Y., M. Bernard, P. Leroy, C. Feuillet, and P. Sourdille. 2005b. High transferability of bread wheat EST-derived SSRs to other cereals. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:677-687.
Integrating Molecular and
Morphological/Physiological Marker Maps
A. Kleinhofs
Dept.
Crop and Soil Sciences and
School of Molecular Biosciences
e-mail: andyk@wsu.edu
Updates to barley morphological/physiological genetic map and gene cloning include publication of the cloning and characterization of the barley Nec1 locus encoding a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene (Rostoks et al. 2006). The previously reported rym4 locus coding for the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E has been published (Kanyuka et al. 2005).
The barley spring vs. winter growth habit candidate genes were cloned and characterized (Von Zitzewitz et al. 2005). The sgh1 locus, renamed Vrn-H2 to conform with the wheat nomenclature, maps to chromosome 4 (4H) bin 12 approximately 8 cM proximal to Bmy1 and co-segregating with the HvSnf2 gene. The sgh1 (Vrn-H2) locus, represented by the ZCCT-H gene cluster, encodes a dominant transcription factor flowering repressor. Accession numbers of the two closely related candidate genes are AY485977 (ZCCT-Ha) and AY485978 (ZCCT-Hb). The Sgh2 locus, renamed Vrn-H1 to conform to the wheat nomenclature is located on chromosome 7 (5H) bin 11 between markers Dhn2 and BCD265C (unfortunately designated BCD265B in Zitzewitz et al.). However, the gene, designated HvBM5A, has been cloned and the sequence is available (AY750995 genomic and AY785826 cDNA cv. Morex sequences, respectively). HvBM5A encodes a MADS-box transcription factor. A closely related gene, HvBM5B, maps to chromosome 5 (1H) bin 07 closely linked to ABG452. It is proposed that HvBM5B represents Sgh3, renamed Vrn-H3 in the wheat nomenclature.
The Vrs1 gene has been cloned (Komatsuda, Plant & Animal Genome XIV, Abstract W13 p10). Although details have not yet been published, the Vrs1 locus was reported to encode a homeobox gene.
The cloned morphological/physiological genes represent excellent anchor points for the morphological/physiological barley map since the genes themselves can be used as reference points in mapping populations. There should be ample future opportunities for the identification of other barley genes by homology to the model dicot and monocot plants.
The leaf rust resistance gene Rph5 was mapped at a high resolution and shown to co-segregate with ABG070 and five ESTs (Mammadov et al. 2005). Rph5 was mapped previously, but this publication provides a high-resolution map and many different closely linked molecular markers.
The location of the non-brittle rachis genes btr1/btr2 was further refined (Senthil and Komatsuda, 2005). However, all of the new markers are AFLP and difficult to integrate with the morphological map.
Molecular mapping located 18 brachytic (brh) loci to five of the seven barley chromosomes, albeit with low resolution (Dahleen et al. 2005). (The nomenclature of the new loci used here is that proposed by Dahleen et al. for the actual alleles used for mapping see the original paper). The brh1 and locus was previously mapped with high resolution to chromosome 1 (7H) bin01 and brh2 was mapped to chromosome 4 (4H) bin 05. Other loci mapping on chromosome 4 (4H) were brh5 and brh9, but lack of flanking markers makes it difficult to determine their bin locations. The same problem exists for brh3, brh4, and brh10 loci mapped to chromosome 2 (2H), however brh3 probably is in bin01. The loci brh8 and brh14 were mapped to chromosome 3(3H). A large number of loci were mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7 (5H) including brh6, brh7, brh11, brh12, brh13, brh17, brh18. The locus brh16 was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1 (7H). Although the sparse markers and lack of flanking markers makes it impossible to reliably place these loci in chromosome bins, they do provide a starting point for those wishing to map these genes more precisely.
The H. spontaneum derived leaf scald resistance gene Rrs15 was mapped to chromosome 1 (7H) long arm 11,5 cM from HVM49 (Genger et al. 2005). Since HVM49 is located in bin 12 and the direction of the linkage was not indicated, Rrs15 could be in bin 11 or 13. The isozyme marker Acp2 was linked to Rrs15 at 17.7 cM.
The barley cytoplasmic male sterility restorer gene Rfm1 was mapped to chromosome 6 (6H) short arm (Murakami et al. 2005). Closely linked AFLP markers were identified, however I was not able to assign the locus to a bin.
A very clever use of rice synteny and Arabidopsis was used to identify a cellulose synthase-like (CslF) gene cluster as candidates responsible for mediating the cell wall (1,3;1,4)-B-D-glucan syntesis (Burton et al. 2006). The work was initiated from the map location of a major QTL for (1,3;1,4)-B-D-glucan content of un-germinated barley grains on chromosome 2 (2H). This QTL is located between the markers Adh8 bin 6 and ABG019 bin 7 with the peak closer to ABG019. Therefore, I have assigned the CslF locus to 2 (2H) bin 7. I believe this is the first example of a map-based cloning of a QTL in barley.
Please advise me of any additions or corrections to this information.
Bin Assignments for Morphological Map Markers and closest molecular marker
Chr.1 (7H)
BIN1 ABG704
*Rpg1 RSB228 Brueggeman et al.,
PNAS 99:9328, ‘02
*Run1
Rdg2a MWG851A Bulgarelli
et al., TAG 108:1401, ‘04
Rrs2 MWG555A Schweizer
et al., TAG 90:920, ‘95
mlt
brh1 MWG2074B Li et al., 8th
IBGS 3:72, ‘00
BIN2 ABG320
Est5 iEst5 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
fch12 BCD130 Schmierer et al., BGN 31:12, ‘01
*wax Wax Kleinhofs
BGN 32:152, ‘02
gsh3 His3A Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
BIN3 ABC151A
fch5 ABC167A Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
Rcs5 KAJ185 Johnson & Kleinhofs, unpublished
yvs2
cer-ze ABG380 Kleinhofs BGN 27:105, ‘96
BIN4 ABG380
wnd
Lga BE193581 Johnson & Kleinhofs, unpublished
abo7
BIN5 ksuA1A
ant1
nar3 MWG836 Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
ert-m
ert-a
BIN6 ABC255
ert-d
fch8
fst3
cer-f
msg14
BIN7 ABG701
dsp1 cMWG704 Sameri (in press)
msg10
rsm1 ABC455 Edwards & Steffenson, Phytopath. 86:184,’96
sex6
seg5
seg2
pmr ABC308 Kleinhofs BGN 27:105, ‘96
mo6b Hsp17 Soule et al., J Her. 91:483, ‘00
nud CDO673 Heun et al., Genome 34:437, ‘91
fch4 MWG003 Kleinhofs
BGN 27:105, ‘96
BIN8 *Amy2 Amy2 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
lks2 WG380B Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
Rpt4 Psr117D Williams et al., TAG 99:323, ‘99
ubs4
blx2
BIN9 RZ242
lbi3
xnt4
lpa2 ? Larson et al., TAG 97:141, ‘98
msg50
Rym2
seg4
BIN10 ABC310B
Xnt1 BF626025 Hansson et al., PNAS 96:1744, ‘99
xnt-h BF626025 Hansson et al., PNAS 96:1744, ‘99
BIN11 ABC305
Rph3
Tha2 Toojinda
et al., TAG 101:580, ‘00
BIN12 ABG461A
Mlf
xnt9
seg1
msg23
BIN13 Tha
Rph19 Rlch4(Nc) Park & Karakousis Plt. Breed. 121:232. ‘02
Chr.2 (2H)
BIN1 MWG844A
sbk
brh3 Bmac0134 Dahleen et al., J. Heredity 96:654, ‘05
BIN2 ABG703B
BIN3 MWG878A gsh6 Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
gsh1
gsh8
BIN4 ABG318
Eam1
Ppd-H1 MWG858 Laurie et al., Heredity 72:619, ‘94
sld2
rtt
flo-c
sld4
BIN5 ABG358
fch15
brc1
com2
BIN6 Pox
msg9
abo2
Rph15 P13M40 Weerasena
et al., TAG 108:712 ‘04
rph16 MWG874 Drescher et al., 8thIBGS II:95, ‘00
BIN7 Bgq60
yst4 CDO537 Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
Az94 CDO537 Kleinhofs BGN 32:152, ‘02
gai MWG2058 Börner
et al., TAG 99:670, ‘99
msg33
*HvCslF (barley Cellulose synthase-like) Burton et al., Science 311:1940 ‘06
*Bmy2
msg3
fch1
BIN8 ABC468
Eam6 ABC167b Tohno-oka et al., 8thIBGS III:239, ‘00
gsh5
msg2
eog ABC451 Kleinhofs BGN 27:105, ‘96
abr
cer-n
BIN9 ABC451
Gth
hcm1
wst4
*vrs1 MWG699 Komatsuda et al., Genome 42:248, ‘00
BIN10 MWG865
cer-g
Lks1
mtt4
Pre2
msg27
BIN11 MWG503
Rha2 AWBMA21 Kretschmer
et al., TAG 94:1060, ‘97
Ant2 MWG087 Freialdenhoven et al., Plt. Cell 6:983, ’94
*Rar1 AW983293B Freialdenhoven et al., Plt. Cell 6:983, ’94
fol-a
gal MWG581A Börner et
al., TAG 99:670, ‘99
fch14
Pau
BIN12 ksuD22
Pvc
BIN13 ABC252
lig BCD266 Pratchett
& Laurie Hereditas 120:35, ‘94
nar4 Gln2 Kleinhofs
BGN 27:105, ‘96
Zeo1 cnx1 Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
lpa1 ABC157 Larson
et al., TAG 97:141, ‘98
BIN14 ABC165
BIN15 MWG844B
gpa CDO036 Kleinhofs
BGN 27:105, ‘96
wst7 MWG949A Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
MlLa Ris16 Giese
et al., TAG 85:897, ‘93
trp
Chr. 3 (3H)
BIN1 Rph5 ABG070 Mammadov et al., TAG 111:1651, ‘05
Rph6 BCD907 Zhong
et al., Phytopath. 93:604, ‘03
Rph7 MWG848 Brunner et al., TAG 101:783, ‘00
BIN2 JS195F BI958652; BF631357; BG369659
ant17
sld5
mo7a ABC171A Soule
et al., J. Hered. 91:483, ‘00
brh8
BIN3 ABG321
xnt6
BIN4 MWG798B
btr1 Senthil & Komatsuda Euphytica
145:215, ‘05
btr2 Senthil & Komatsuda Euphytica
145:215, ‘05
lzd
alm ABG471 Kleinhofs
BGN 27:105, ‘96
BIN5 BCD1532
abo9
sca
yst2
dsp10
BIN6 ABG396
Rrs1 Graner et al., TAG 93: 421 ´96
Rh/Pt ABG396 Smilde et al., 8th IBGS 2:178, ‘00
Rrs.B87 BCD828 Williams et al., Plant Breed. 120:301, ‘01
AtpbB
abo6
xnt3
msg5
ari-a
yst1
zeb1
ert-c
ert-ii
cer-zd
Ryd2 WG889B Collins et al., TAG 92:858, ‘96
*uzu AB088206 Saisho et al., Breeding Sci. 54:409, ‘04
BIN7 MWG571B
cer-r
BIN8 ABG377
wst6
cer-zn
sld1
BIN9 ABG453
wst1
BIN10 CDO345
vrs4
Int1
gsh2
BIN11 CDO113B
als
sdw1 PSR170 Laurie et al., Plant Breed. 111:198, ‘93
BIN12 His4B
sdw2
BIN13 ABG004
Pub ABG389 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
BIN14 ABC161
cur2
BIN15 ABC174
Rph10
fch2
BIN16 ABC166
eam10
Est1/2/3
*rym4 eIF4E Stein
et al.,Plt. J. 42:912, ‘05
*rym5eIF4Eand Kanyuka et al., Mol. Plant Path. 6:449, ’05
Est4
ant28
Chr.4 (4H)
BIN1 MWG634
BIN2 JS103.3
fch9
sln
BIN3 Ole1 Dwf2 Ivandic
et al., TAG 98:728, ‘99
Ynd
int-c MWG2033 Komatsuda,
TAG 105:85, ‘02
Zeo3
glo-a
rym1 MWG2134 Okada
et al., Breeding Sci. 54:319, ‘04
BIN4 BCD402B
*Kap X83518 Müller et al., Nature 374:727, ‘95
lbi2
zeb2
lgn3
BIN5 BCD808B
lgn4
lks5
eam9
msg24
BIN6 ABG484
glf1
rym11 MWG2134 Bauer et
al., TAG 95:1263, ‘97
Mlg MWG032 Kurth et al., TAG 102:53, ‘01
cer-zg
brh2
BIN7 bBE54A
glf3
frp
min1
blx4
sid
blx3
BIN8 BCD453B
blx1
BIN9 ABG319A
ert1
BIN10 KFP221
*mlo P93766 Bueschges et al., Cell 88:695, ‘97
BIN11 ABG397
BIN12 ABG319C
Hsh HVM067 Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
Hln
*sgh1(ZCCT-H; HvSnf2) Zitzewitz et al., PMB 59:449, ‘05
yhd1
BIN13 *Bmy1 pcbC51 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
rym8 MWG2307 Bauer
et al., TAG 95:1263, ‘97
rym9 MWG517 Bauer
et al., TAG 95:1263, ‘97
Wsp3
Chr. 5 (1H)
BIN1 Tel5P
Rph4
Mlra
Cer-yy
Sex76 Hor2 Netsvetaev
BGN 27:51, ‘97
Hor5 Hor5 Kleinhofs
et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
BIN2 MWG938
*Hor2 Hor2 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
Rrs14 Hor2 Garvin
et al., Plant Breed. 119:193-196, ‘00
*Mla6 AJ302292 Halterman et al., Plt J. 25:335, ‘01
BIN3 MWG837
*Hor1 Hor1 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
Rps4
Mlk
BIN4 ABA004
Lys4
BIN5 BCD098
Mlnn;
msg31; sls; msg4; fch3;
BIN6 Ica1
amo1
BIN7 JS074
clh
vrs3
Ror1 ABG452 Collins et al., Plt. Phys. 125:1236, ‘01
*Sgh3 (HvBM5B) Zitzewitz et al., PMB 59:449, ‘05
BIN8 Pcr2
fst2
cer-zi
cer-e
ert-b
MlGa
msg1
xnt7
BIN9 Glb1
*nec1 BF630384 Rostoks et al., MGG 275:159, ‘06
BIN10 DAK123B
abo1
Glb1
BIN11 PSR330
wst5
cud2
BIN12 MWG706A
rlv
lel1
BIN13 BCD1930
Blp ABC261 Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
BIN14 ABC261
fch7
trd
eam8
Chr. 6 (6H)
BIN1 ABG062
*Nar1 X57845 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
abo15
BIN2 ABG378B
nar8 ABG378B Kleinhofs
BGN 27:105, ‘96
nec3
Rrs13
BIN3 MWG652A
BIN4 DD1.1C
msg36
BIN5 ABG387B
nec2
ant21
msg6
eam7
BIN6 Ldh1
rob HVM031 Costa et al., TAG 103:415, ‘01
sex1
gsh4
ant13
cul2 Crg4(KFP128) Babb & Muehlbauer BGN 31:28, ‘01
fch11
mtt5
abo14
BIN7 ABG474
BIN8 ABC170B
BIN9 *Nar7 X60173 Warner
et al., Genome 38:743, ‘95
*Amy1 JR115 Kleinhofs et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
*Nir pCIB808 Kleinhofs
et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
mul2
cur3
BIN10 MWG934
lax-b
raw5
cur1
BIN11 Tef1
BIN12 xnt5
Aat2
BIN13 Rph11 Acp3 Feuerstein et al., Plant breed. 104:318, ‘90
lax-c
BIN14 DAK213C
dsp9
Chr. 7 (5H)
BIN1 DAK133
abo12
msg16
ddt
BIN2 MWG920.1A
dex1
msg19
nld
fch6
glo-b
BIN3 cud1 ABG705A
lys3
fst1
blf1
vrs2
BIN4 ABG395
cer-zj
cer-zp
msg18
wst2
Rph2 ITS1 Borovkova et al., Genome 40:236, ‘97
lax-a PSR118 Laurie et al., TAG 93:81, ‘96
com1
ari-e
ert-g
ert-n
BIN5 Ltp1
rym3 MWG028 Saeki
et al., TAG 99:727, ‘99
BIN6 WG530
BIN7 ABC324
BIN8 ABC302A
BIN9 BCD926
srh ksuA1B Kleinhofs
et al., TAG 86:705, ‘93
cer-i
mtt2
lys1
cer-t
dsk
var1
cer-w
Eam5
BIN10 ABG473
raw1
msg7
BIN11 MWG514B
Rph9/12ABG712 Borokova et al., Phytopath. 88:76, ‘98
*Sgh2 (HvBM5A) Zitzewitz et al., PMB 59:449, ‘05
*Ror2 AY246906 Collins et al., Nature 425:973, ‘03
lbi1
Rha4
raw2
BIN12 WG908
none
BIN13 ABG496
rpg4 ARD5303 Druka et al., unpublished
RpgQ ARD5304 Druka et al., unpublished
BIN14 ABG390
var3
BIN15 ABG463
BIN markers are indicated
* - indicates the gene has been cloned
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Genger, R.K., K. Nesbitt, A.H.D.
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Giese, H., A.G. Holm-Jensen, H.P.
Jensen, and J.Jensen. 1993. Localisation of the Laevigatum powdery mildew
resistance gene to barley chromosome 2 by the use of RLFP markers. Theor. Appl.
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Graner, A. and A. Tekauz. 1996. RFLP
mapping in barley of a dominant gene conferring to scald (Rynchosporium secalis). Theor. Appl. Genet. 93:421-425.
Haltermann, D., F. Zhou, F. Wei,
R.P. Wise, and P. Schulze-Lefert. 2001. The MLA6 coiled coil, NBS-LRR protein
confers AvrMla6-dependent resistance
specificity to Blumeria graminis f.
sp. hordei in barley and wheat. Plt. J. 25:335-348.
Hansson, A., C.G. Kannangara, D. von
Wettstein, and M. Hansson. 1999. Molecular basis for semidomiance of missense mutations in the
XANTHA-H (42-kDa) subunit of magnesium chelatase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
96:1744-1749.
Heun, M., A.E. Kennedy, J.A. Anderson,
N.L.V.
Ivandic, V., S. Malyshev, V. Korzun, A.
Graner, and A. Börner. 1999.
Comparative mapping of a gibberellic acid-insensitive dwarfing gene (Dwf2) on chromosome 4HS in barley.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:728-731.
Kanyuka, K., A. Druka, D..G.
Caldwell, A. Tymon, N. McCallum, R. Waugh, and M. J. Adams. 2005. Evidence that
the recessive bymovirus resistance locus rym4
in barley corresponds to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E gene.
Molecular Plant pathology 6:449-458.
Kleinhofs, A., A. Kilian, M.A.
Saghai Marrof, R.M. Biyashev, P. Hayes, F.Q. Chen, N. Lapitan, A. Fenwick, T.K.
Blake, V. Kanazin, E. Ananiev, L. Dahleen, D. Kudrna, J. Bollinger, S.J. Knapp,
B. Liu, M. Sorells, M. Heun, J.D. Franckowiak, D. Hoffman, R. Skadsen, and B.J.
Steffenson. 1993. A molecular, isozyme and morphologicsl map of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) genome. Theor. Appl.
Genet. 86:705-712.
Kleinhofs, A. 1996. Integrating
Barley RFLP and Classical Marker Maps. Coordinator’s report. BGN27:105-112.
Kleinhofs, A. 2002. Integrating
Molecular and Morphological/Physiological Marker Maps. Coordinator’s Report.
BGN32:152-159.
Komatsuda, T., W. Li, F. Takaiwa,
and S. Oka. 1999. High resolution map around the vrs1 locus controlling two- and six-rowed spike in barley. (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 42:248-253.
Komatsuda, T., and Y. Mano. 2002.
Molecular mapping of the intermedium spike-c (int-c) and non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) loci in barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.). Theor. Appl Genet. 105:85-90.
Komatsuda, T., M. Pourkheirandish,
C. He, P. Azhaguvel, H. Kanamori, D. Perovic, N. Stein, A. Graner, U.
Lundqvist, T. Fujimura, M. Matsuoka, T. Matsumoto, and M. Yano. 2006. Map-based
cloning of the barley six-rowed spike gene vrs1.
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Kretschmer, J.M., K.J. Chalmers, S.
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Barker, R.C.M. Lance, and P. Langridge. 1997. RFLP mapping of the Ha2 cereal cyst nematode resistance in
barley.Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:1060-1064.
Kurth, J., R. Kolsch, V. Simons, and
P. Schulze-Lefert. 2001. A high-resolution genetic map and a diagnostic RFLP
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Larson, S.R., K.A. Young, A. Cook,
T.K. Blake, and V. Raboy. 1998. Linkage mapping of two mutations that reduce
phytic acid content of barley grain. Theor. Appl. Genet. 97:141-146.
Laurie, D.A., N. Pratchett, C.
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Laurie, D.A., N. Pratchett, J.H.
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Laurie, D.A., N. Pratchett, R.A.
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Murakami, S., K. Matsui, T.
Komatsuda, and Y. Furuta. 2005. AFLP-based STS markers closely linked to a
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Kazutoshi. 2004.
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Saisho, D., K.-I. Tanno, M. Chono,
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Toojinda, T., L.H. Broers, X.M.
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qualitative disease resistance genes in a doubled haploid population of barley
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Williams, K., P. Bogacki, L. Scott, A.
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Zitzewitz, J. von, P. Scucs, J. Dobcov, L. Yan,
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2005. Molecular and structural characterization of barley vernalization genes.
Plant Molecular Biology 59:449-467.
Zhong, S.B., R.J. Effertz, Y. Jin, J.D.
Franckowiak, and B.J. Steffenson. 2003. Molecular mapping of the leaf rust
resistance gene Rph6 in barley and
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(5):604-609.
Coordinator’s report: Barley Genetic Stock Collection
A. Hang and K. Satterfield
USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility,
e-mail: anhang@uidaho.edu
In 2005, 373 barley genetic stocks were planted in the field and in the greenhouse for evaluation and for seed increase.
Four mapping populations
including SSD F6 OSU 1/Harr, SSD F6 OSU 2/Harr, SSD F6 OSU 11/Harr and SSD F6
OSU 15/Harr derived from crosses between Hordeum
vulgare subps. Spontaneum with the cultivar “Harrington” and 142 H. spontaneum introgression lines BC2 S1
and BC2 S5 were obtained from Dr. Pat Hayes, OSU and maintained at
One hundred thirty-two samples of barley genetic stocks were shipped to researchers in 2005.
Coordinator’s
report: Trisomic and aneuploid stocks
A. Hang
USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility
e-mail: anhang@uidaho.edu
There is no new information about trisomic and aneuploid stocks. A list of these stocks are available in BGN 25:104. Seed request for this stock should be sent to the coordinator.
Coordinator’s
report: Autotetraploids
Wolfgang Friedt,
Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32
DE-35392
e-mail: wolfgang.friedt@agrar.uni-giessen.de
Fax: +49(0)641-9937429
The collection of
barley autotetraploids (exclusively spring types) described in former issues of
BGN is maintained at the Giessen Field Experiment Station of our institute. The
set of stocks, i.e. autotetraploids (4n) and corresponding diploid (2n)
progenitors (if available) have last been grown in the field for seed
multiplication in summer 2000. Limited seed samples of the stocks are available
for distribution.
Coordinator’s report: The Genetic Male Sterile
Barley Collection
M.C. Therrien
Agriculture and
Brandon Research Centre
E-mail: MTherrien@agr.gc.ca
The GMSBC has been at
Coordinator’s
report: Translocations and balanced tertiary trisomics
Andreas Houben
Institute of Plant
06466
email: houben@ipk-gatersleben.de
Chromosome 5H of Hordeum vulgare carries a gene(s) that
accelerates heading in a wheat background. To introduce the early heading
gene(s) of barley into the wheat genome, the Japanese scientists S. Taketa and colleagues attempted to induce homoeologous recombination
between wheat and 5H chromosomes by 5B nullisomy. A nullisomic 5B, trisomic 5A,
monosomic 5H plant (2n = 42) was produced from systematic crosses between
aneuploid stocks of wheat group 5 chromosomes. Twelve plants (1.8%) were
selected as putative wheat-barley 5H recombinants. Cytological analyses using
fluorescence in situ hybridization and C-banding revealed that 6 of the progeny
lines are true homoeologous recombinants between the long arms of chromosomes
5D and 5H. The 6 cytologically confirmed recombinant lines included only 2
types (3 lines each), which were reciprocal products derived from exchanges at
the same distal interval defined by two flanking markers. One type had a small
5HL segment translocated to the 5DL terminal, and the other type had a small
terminal 5DL segment translocated to the 5HL terminal. In the latter type, the
physical length of translocated barley segments slightly differed among lines.
There were no requests for samples of balanced
tertiary trisomics or tranlocation
lines. The collection is being
maintained in cold storage. To the best knowledge of the coordinator, there are
no new publications dealing with balanced tertiary trisomics in barley. Limited
seed samples are available any time, and requests can be made to the
coordinator.
Reference:
Taketa, S, T. Awayama , M. Ichii, M. Sunakawa, T. Kawahara, and K. Murai. 2005. Molecular cytogenetic
identification of nullisomy 5B induced homoeologous recombination between wheat
chromosome 5D and barley chromosome 5H. Genome 48: 115-124.
Coordinator’s
report: Eceriferum Genes
Udda
Lundqvist
SvalöfWeibul AB
SE-268 81 Svalöv ,
Sweden
e-mail: udda@ngb.se or udda@nordgen.org
No research work on gene localization
has been reported on the collections of Eceriferum
and Glossy genes since the latest
reports in Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN). All information and descriptions
done in Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN) Volume 26 are valid and still
up-to-date. The database of the Swedish collection has been updated during the
last months and will soon be searchable within International European
databases. All Swedish Eceriferum
alleles can be seen in the SESTO database of the Nordic Gene Bank. As my
possibilities in searching literature are very limited, I apologize if I am
missing any important papers. Please send me notes of publications and reports
to include in next year’s reports. Descriptions, images and graphic chromosome
map displays of the Eceriferum and Glossy genes are available in the AceDB
database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks, and they get currently
updated. Its address is found by: www.untamo.net/bgs
Every research of interest in the
field of Eceriferum genes, ‘Glossy
sheath’ and ‘Glossy leaf’ genes can be reported to the coordinator as well.
Seed requests regarding the Swedish mutants can be forwarded to the coordinator
udda@ngb.se
or udda@nordgen.org or
to the Nordic Gene Bank, www.nordgen.org/ngb, all others to the Small Grain Germplasm
Research Facility (USDA-ARS),
Coordinator’s report: Nuclear genes
affecting the chloroplast
Mats Hansson
Department of Biochemistry,
SE-22100
E-mail: mats.hansson@biokem.lu.se
Chlorophyll biosynthesis is a process involving approximately 20 different enzymatic steps. One of the least understood enzymatic steps is formation of the isocyclic ring, which is a characteristic feature of all chlorophyll molecules. In chloroplasts this is an aerobic reaction catalyzed by Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase. Barley mutants were employed to study this enzyme (Rzeznicka et al. 2005). An in vitro assay for the aerobic cyclase reaction required both membrane-bound and soluble components from the chloroplasts. Extracts from barley mutants at the Xantha-l and Viridis-k loci showed no cyclase activity. Fractionation of isolated plastids by Percoll gradient centrifugation showed that both xantha-l and viridis-k mutants are defective in components associated with chloroplast membranes. The evidence suggests that the aerobic cyclase requires at least one soluble and two membrane-bound components. The Xantha-l gene was located to the short arm of barley chromosome 3H. The gene was further cloned and sequenced and the mutations xantha-l.35, -l.81 and –l.82 were characterized at the DNA level. The study connected for the first time biochemical and genetic data as it demonstrated that Xantha-l encodes a membrane-bound cyclase subunit.
The stock list and genetic
information presented in the Barley Genetics Newsletter 21: 102-108 is valid
and up-to-date. Requests for stocks
available for distribution are to be either sent to:
Dr. Mats Hansson
Department of Biochemistry
SE-22100
Phone: +46-46-222 0105
Fax: +46-46-222 4534
E-mail: Mats.Hansson@biokem.lu.se
or to
Nordic Gene Bank
SE-23053 Alnarp
Phone: +46-40-536640
FAX: +46-40-536650
www.nordgen.org/ngb
Reference:
Rzeznicka,
K., C. J. Walker, T. Westergren, G. C. Kannangara, D. von Wettstein, S.
Merchant, S. P. Gough, and M. Hansson. 2005. Xantha-l encodes a membrane protein subunit of the aerobic
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase in the chlorophyll biosynthetic
pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
102:5886-5891.
Coordinator’s report: Ear morphology genes
Udda Lundqvist
SE-268 81 Svalöv ,
Sweden
e-mail: udda@ngb.se
or udda@nordgen.org
No new research on gene localization
or descriptions on different morphological genes have been reported since the
latest reports in Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN) or in the AceDB database for
Barley Genes and Genetic Stocks.. All descriptions made in the BGN volumes 26,
28, 29, 32 and 35 are still up-to-date and valid. The databases of the Swedish
Ear morphology genes are currently updated and will be searchable within
International European databases in the future. All different types and
characters with its many alleles of the Swedish ear morphology genes are found
in the SESTO database of the Nordic Gene Bank. Also, a survey list of the
different Swedish ear morphology genes are published in the last volume of
Barley Genetics Newsletter, BGN 35:150-154. As my possibilities in searching
literature are very limited, I apologize if I am missing any important reports
or papers. I would like to call on the barley community to assist me by sending
notes of publications and reports to include in next year’s reports.
Descriptions, images and graphic chromosome map displays of the Ear morphology
genes are also available in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley
Genetic Stocks. They get currently updated and are searchable under the
address: www.untamo.net/bgs
Every research of interest in the
field of Ear morphology genes can be reported to the coordinator as well. Seed
requests regarding the Swedish mutants can be forwarded to the coordinator udda@ngb.se
or udda@nordgen.org or
to the Nordic Gene Bank, www.nordgen.org/ngb.
all others to the Small Grain Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS),
Coordinator’s report: Semidwarf genes
J.D. Franckowiak
Department of Plant Sciences
Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
e-mail: j.franckowiak@ndsu.nodak.edu
Dahleen et al. (2005) studied 27 mutants from various sources that were placed in the brachytic (brh) group of semidwarf mutants. The mutants were backcrossed into ‘Bowman’ prior to this study to facilitate allelism studies and their phenotypic characterization. The traits studied included plant height; awn, peduncle, and rachis internode length; leaf width and length; lodging; kernels per spike; grain yield; and kernel weight. Based on allelism tests and molecular mapping studies using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, the mutants occurred at 18 different loci. Eight of the loci had been identified in previous studies and ten were new loci. Using small F2 populations, SSR markers were mapped within 30 cM of all loci except the brh15.u mutant. The brachytic mutants were located as follows: ert-t (brh3.y), brh4.j, and brh10.l on chromosome 2H; brh8.ad and brh14.q on 3H; brh2 (ari-l.3), brh5.m, and brh9.k on 4H; brh6.r, brh7.w, brh11.o, brh12.p, brh17.ab, and brh18.ac on 5H; and brh1.z and brh16.v on 7H. The positional information suggested that one or two clusters of brachytic loci may exist on 5H. Three of five loci that were positioned earlier by linkage drag (Franckowiak, 1995) were found in a similar position base on the SSR mapping data.
All of the brh mutants as evaluated in Bowman backcross-derived lines were shorter than Bowman with an average height of 64.8 cm vs. 87.9 for Bowman (Dahleen et al. 2005). All of the brh lines had shorter awns and most had shorter peduncles and smaller kernels. Some of the brh lines had shorter rachis internodes and short leaf blades. The majority of the brh lines, 16 of 27, had lower grain yields than Bowman. Although none of the brh lines was superior to Bowman, the brh4, brh6, and brh8 mutants seemed to be the most promising ones for further agronomic evaluation.
Horsley et al. (2006) reported that the main plant height QTLs in a ‘Foster’/CIho 4196 mapping population were near the vrs1 locus on 2HL. Dahleen et al. (2003) reported a plant height QTL in the same region of 2H from a study of two- by six-rowed cross, ND9712//Foster/Zhedar 2. The association between plant height and the six-rowed phenotype was first reported as a linkage by Miyake and Imai in 1922 and has been reported often since then (Franckowiak 1997). The locus symbol hcm1 is currently recommended. Horsley et al. (2006) provided some evidence that more than one factor for reduced plant height is associated with the vrs1 locus in the Foster/CIho 4196 cross. They reported also that they did not recover any short plants with a two-rowed spike type from a large F2 population. Thus, it is still not clear whether the hcm1 locus exists or the six-rowed allele (vsr1.a) at vrs1 locus has a pleiotropic effect on plant height in warm environments.
Honda et al. (2003) found that treatment of barley near-isogenic lines with the brassinosteroid (BR) growth regular caused leaf blade rolling in normal barley and most barley semidwarf mutants. However, detached leaf blade segments from dark grown plants with the uzu1 gene did not unroll after treatment in the leaf unroll test. In a subsequent study, Chono et al. (2003) demonstrated that the response of uzu1 mutants to BR was caused by a base pair substitution in the Hordeum vulgare BR-insensitive 1 (HvBR11) gene and an amino acid change in a highly conserved residue in the kinase domain of the BR-receptor protein. The uzu1 lines have a missense mutation in the HvBR11 gene.
Gottwald et al. (2004) reported that a gibberellic-acid insensitive dwarf mutant, first described by Favret et al. (1976), is closely linked to RFLP marker MWG2287 on 2HS near the centromere. The proposed locus symbol for the GA insensitive mutant is sdw3, which replaced the symbols gai and GA-ins used in earlier publications. The suggested allele symbol is sdw3.az for the Hv287 line derived from the M.C. 90 mutant induced in M.C. 20. This region of 2HS is orthologous with a highly conserved region on rice chromosome 7L. ESTs in this region were used to identify three putative GA-related ORFs in rice that might correspond to the sdw3 locus. (Gottwald et al. 2004).
References:
Chono, M., I. Honda, H. Zeniya, K. Yoneyama, D. Saisho, K. Takeda, S. Takatsuto, T. Hoshino, and Y. Watanabe. 2003. A semidwarf phenotype of barley uzu results from a nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding a putative bassinosteroid receptor. Plant Physiol. 133:1209-1219.
Dahleen, L.S., H.A. Agrama, R.D. Horsley, B.J. Steffenson, P.B. Schwarz, A. Mesfin, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2003. Identification of QTLs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in Zhedar 2. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:95-104.
Dahleen, L.S., L.J. Vander Wal, and J.D. Franckowiak. 2005. Characterization and molecular mapping of genes determining semidwarfism in barley. J. Hered. 96:654-662.
Favret,
E.A., G.C. Favret, and E.M. Malvarez. 1976. Genetic regulatory mechanisms for
seedling growth in barley. p. 37-41. p. 181-189. In H. Gaul (ed.). Barley Genetics III. Proc. Third Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Garching, 1975.
Verlag Karl Thiemig, München.
Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.
Franckowiak, J.D. 1997. BGS 77, short culm, hcm, revised. BGN 26:115.
Gottwald, S., N. Stein, A. Börner, T. Sasaki, and A. Graner.
2004. The gibberellic-acid insensitive dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley is located on chromosome 2HS in a region that shows
high colinearity with rice chromosome 7L. Mol. Gen. Genomics 271:426-436.
Honda,
Horsley, R.D., D. Schmierer, C. Maier, D. Kudrna, C.A. Urrea, B.J. Steffenson, P.B. Schwarz, J.D. Franckowiak, M.J. Green, B. Zhang, and A. Kleinhofs. 2006. Identification of QTLs associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in barley accession CIho 4196. Crop Sci. 46:145-156.
Coordinator’s report: Early maturity genes
Udda Lundqvist
SE-268 81
e-mail: udda@ngb.se or udda@nordgen.org
No new
research on gene localization has been reported on the Early maturity or
Praematurum genes since the latest reports in Barley Genetic Newsletter (BGN)
or in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks. All
information and descriptions made in the Barley Genetics Newsletter are valid
and up-to-date. As my possibilities in searching literature are very limited, I
apologize if I am missing any important papers and reports. I would like to
call on the barley community to assist me by sending notes of publications and
reports to include in next year’s report. Descriptions, images and graphic
chromosome map displays of the Early maturity or Praematurum genes are
available in the AceDB database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks.
They get currently updated and are searchable under the address: www.untamo.net/bgs
Every
research of interest in the field of Early maturity genes can be reported to
the coordinator as well. Seed requests regarding the Swedish mutants can be
forwarded to the coordinator or directly to the Nordic Gene Bank, www.nordgen.org/ngb, all others to the Small
Grain Germplasm Research Facility (USDA-ARS),
Coordinator’s report : Wheat-barley
genetic stocks
A.K.M.R. Islam
Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Wine,
The
Glen Osmond, SA 5064,
e-mail: rislam@waite.adelaide.edu.au
The production of five different monosomic addition lines of Hordeum marinum chromosomes to Chinese Spring wheat has been reported earlier. It has now been possible to isolate five disomic addition lines (1Hm, 2Hm, 4Hm, 5Hm and 7Hm) from them and work is in progress to isolate the two remaining (3Hm and 6Hm) addition lines. Apart from the production of H. marinum x CS wheat amphiploid, it has also been possible to produce amphiploid with commercial wheats, both common and durum (Islam and Colmer, unpublished).