A Database for Triticeae and Avena
Barley Genetics
Newsletter 37:1-4 (2007)
Dominance and recessiveness of parameters of Aluminum-resistance
of barley F2 hybrids at different concentrations of stress factor
E. M. Lisitsyn and
North-East Agricultural
Research Institute, 166-а Lenin street, Kirov, 610007,
Russia
e-mail: edaphic@mail.ru
Till now there is no uniform
opinion in the scientific literature about number and type of action of genes
coding barley aluminum resistance. For example, Rigin, Yakovleva (2001)
considers, that it is controlled by two oligogenes, as a minimum, with possible
action of genes with weaker effect. Other authors assume the control of the
parameter by one dominant gene Pht [Stolen, Andersen, 1978], or gene Alp [Reid,
1971], both located on chromosome 4 [Minella, Sorrells, 1997].
Gourley et al [1990]
concluded, that type of action of genes coding aluminum resistance in sorghum
(additive, partially or completely dominant), depends not only on a researched
genotype, but also on used Al concentration. Aniol [1995, 1996] has
established, that when the concentration of aluminum in test solution is low
(30-40 µМ), cereal cultures (wheat,
rye) use mechanisms that block accumulation of aluminum in roots (for example,
chelation of aluminum at the expense of exudation of organic acids by root
system), at higher concentration of aluminum in root growth environment (200-300
µМ) the basic role is played by
other physiological mechanisms of Al-resistance. Thus the author remarks
[Aniol, 1997] that the aluminum resistance of wheat plants at a concentration
of 296 µМ is controlled by 2 genes and at a concentration of 592
µМ aluminum resistance is
controlled by three genes. He wrote, that genes located in D-genome of wheat,
are expressed only at high Al concentration, and genes located on chromosome 5А are expressed at
all studied concentrations.
The aim of our research was to
determine the influence of Al concentration on a direction and character of
dominance of parameters of roots growth of barley F2 hybrid
seedlings.
Material and Methods
The direct and reciprocal F2
hybrids of four selection numbers of barley (№№ 565-98, 889-93,
999-93 and 1030-93), bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute (Kirov,
Russia) were taken for the analysis. By results of the preliminary laboratory
analyses the parental forms of these hybrids differed significantly on a level
of Al-resistance that corresponded to
the research aim. A level of
Al-resistance (relative root length - RRL) was estimated under
conditions of rolled culture on five-day barley seedlings according to the
technique described earlier [Lisitsyn, 2000] by division of value of root
length of each individual seedling in test treatment variant (0.5 and 1.0 mM of
aluminum as sulphate salt, рН 4.3) on value of average root length
of control variant (without the stress factor, рН 6.0). Each sample
volume consists of 99-105 seedlings in each treatment variant.
Character of dominance for
parameters of root growth of F2 hybrid plants was estimated by
equation [Petr, Frey, 1966]:
d = F2 - MP
HP-MP
,
where d = degree of
dominance; F2, НР, МР = means of F2
hybrids, resistant parent value, and mid parent value, respectively.
Results and
Discussion
Expression of Al-resistance
genes appreciably depend on a concentration of aluminum in test solution and
with its increase the resistance of all hybrids was reduced without exception
(table 1).
Table 1. Parameters of root growth of barley F2
hybrids under laboratory condition
Hybrid |
Root length, mm |
RRL, % |
|||
0 mM Al |
0.5 mM Al |
1.0 mM Al |
0.5 mM |
1.0 mM |
|
565-98 x 889-93 |
109.2±1.5 |
71.2±1.2 |
56.3±1.0 |
65.2±0.6 |
51.6±0.5 |
889-93 x 565-93 |
103.0±1.1 |
84.7±1.3 |
71.3±1.2 |
82.3±0.7 |
69.2±0.7 |
565-98 x 999-93 |
113.6±1.6 |
71.8±1.8 |
48.3±1.2 |
63.2±0.9 |
42.6±0.6 |
999-93 x 565-98 |
103.3±2.2 |
65.8±0.9 |
55.3±1.2 |
63.7±0.5 |
53.5±0.7 |
565-98 x 1030-93 |
112.7±1.1 |
74.2±1.1 |
57.0±1.3 |
65.8±0.6 |
50.6±0.7 |
1030-93 x 565-98 |
110.8±1.4 |
79.3±1.3 |
65.2±1.0 |
71.6±0.7 |
58.8±0.5 |
889-93 x 999-93 |
107.7±2.2 |
76.0±1.7 |
61.0±1.5 |
70.5±0.7 |
56.6±0.8 |
999-93 x 889-93 |
106.9±1.1 |
70.7±1.5 |
58.2±0.8 |
66.1±0.8 |
54.5±0.4 |
889-93 x 1030-93 |
107.6±1.4 |
75.0±2.0 |
64.5±1.5 |
69.7±1.1 |
59.9±0.8 |
1030-93 x 889-93 |
102.1±1.6 |
79.0±1.0 |
62.9±0.8 |
77.4±0.6 |
61.6±0.5 |
999-93 x 1030-93 |
104.9±1.6 |
75.6±1.6 |
52.2±1.7 |
72.0±0.9 |
49.8±0.9 |
1030-93 x 999-93 |
111.2±1.2 |
77.4±1.0 |
59.6±1.2 |
69.5±0.5 |
53.6±0.6 |
As it is visible from data,
submitted in table 2, depending on the cross and aluminum concentration used,
for some hybrids the large value of root length was dominated, for others
hybrids – the smaller value, but for the third part of hybrids dominance of
root length was absent practically. It is possible to note the same character
of dominance for RRL parameter. The similar phenomenon was earlier marked in
the literature for other cereals. So, [Camargo, 1981, 1984] pointed out, that
Al-resistance of wheat F2 population was coded by dominant genes at
concentration of aluminum 3 mg/l, but became recessive at increase of
concentration of the stressful factor up to 10 mg/l. Similar results were
described in the researches with wheat [Bona et al., 1994].
Table 2.
Influence of direction of crossing on character of dominance of parameters of
root growth of barley F2 hybrids
Hybrid |
Degree of dominance of a
parameter |
||||
Root length |
RRL |
||||
0 mM Al |
0.5 mM Al |
1.0 mM Al |
0.5 mM |
1.0 mM |
|
565-98 x 889-93 |
0.33 |
-0.78 |
-1.94 |
-1.21 |
-5.35 |
889-93 x 565-93 |
-0.94 |
0.34 |
1.26 |
0.99 |
5.00 |
565-98 x 999-93 |
1.19 |
-1.42 |
-1.51 |
-4.65 |
-3.13 |
999-93 x 565-98 |
-0.44 |
-2.12 |
-0.70 |
-4.50 |
-0.85 |
565-98 x 1030-93 |
-0.81 |
-0.45 |
-0.51 |
-0.37 |
-0.40 |
1030-93 x 565-98 |
-2.00 |
-0.05 |
0.44 |
0.11 |
0.13 |
889-93 x 999-93 |
4.33 |
1.18 |
1.10 |
-0.16 |
0.23 |
999-93 x 889-93 |
3.80 |
-0.38 |
0.40 |
-1.16 |
-0.47 |
889-93 x 1030-93 |
-0.25 |
10.14 |
1.98 |
1.67 |
1.15 |
1030-93 x 889-93 |
-1.11 |
15.96 |
1.58 |
3.47 |
1.40 |
999-93 x 1030-93 |
-0.35 |
1.05 |
-4.00 |
0.59 |
0.17 |
1030-93 x 999-93 |
0.44 |
1.49 |
7.00 |
0.30 |
1.22 |
As it is follows from data,
submitted in table 2, depending on a concrete combination of crossing
domination of root length under control conditions, under both Al treatments
and of RRL parameter can have positive or negative meanings, changing from
negative super-domination till positive super-domination. Character and
direction of domination can coincide for parameters of roots length under
control conditions and under aluminum treatment, but sometimes can have an
opposite direction.
Directions of crossing caused
opposite character of dominance of researched parameters of Al-resistance for
hybrids 565-98 х 889-93 and 889-93 х 565-98. This tendency is some less expressed at
hybrids received from crossing of breeding numbers 565-98 and 1030-93. At the
same time direct and reciprocal hybrids between breeding number 565-98 and
breeding number 999-93 for main part of researched parameters have shown only
different degree of dominance, but not its different direction.
Direct and reciprocal hybrids
between selection numbers 889-93 and 1030-93 had least differences on a
direction and character of dominance.
References:
Aniol A.M. 1995. Physiological aspects of
aluminum tolerance associated with the long arm of chromosome 2D of the wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) genome. Theor Appl Genet. 91: 510-516
Aniol A. 1996. Aluminum uptake by roots of
rye seedlings of differing tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Euphytica 92:
155-162.
Aniol A. 1997. the aluminum tolerance in
wheat. plant Breeding: Theories, achievements and problems. Proc. Int. Conf.,
Dotnuva - Akademija, Lithuania: 14-22
Ригин
Б.В., Яковлева
О.В. 2001.
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аспекты
толерантности
ячменя к
токсичным
ионам
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ресурсы
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Reid D.A. 1971.
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Stolen O.,
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Gourley L.M., Rogers S.A., Ruiz-Gomez C., Clark R.B. 1990. Genetic aspects
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Petr F.C., Frey
K.J. 1966. Genotype correlations, dominance and heritability of quantitative
characters in oats. Crop Sci., V.6. 259-262
Bona L., Carver B.F., Wright R.J., Baligar V.C. 1994. Aluminum tolerance
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Communic. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., V.25. 327-339
Camargo C.E.O.
1981. Wheat improvement. 1. The heritability of tolerance to aluminum toxicity.
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Camargo C.E.O.
1984. Wheat improvement. IV. Heritability studies on aluminum tolerance using
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Lisitsyn E. M.
2000. Intravarietal Level of Aluminum Resistance in Cereal Crops. J Plant
Nutrit., V.23(6): 793-804