from Bob Graybosch, 8/96
About granule-bound starch synthase alleles (waxy protein) of wheat.
Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS or "waxy" protein; EC 24.1.2.1)
is the enzyme primarily responsible for amylose synthesis in cereal
endosperms. In wheat, three loci, Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1, located on
chromosomes 7A, 4A and 7D, respectively, encode GBSS. Null
(non-functional) alleles are now known at all three loci. Combination of
the three null alleles has resulted in the production of the first
amylose-free or "waxy" wheats (Nakamura et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 248:
253-259, 1995). Lines carrying one or two null alleles have been
designated "partial waxy wheats", as such lines may produce starch with
reduced amylose contents. This might be somewhat of a misnomer, as recent
work has shown that amylose content is not always significantly lowered by
the presence of a single null allele. The terms "single" and "double" null
lines might be preferable rather than "partial waxy".
This data file contains the results of a survey of U.S. hard red, soft
red, and hard white winter wheats. Most samples were obtained from the
1996 USDA-ARS regional performance nurseries, with the addition of a few
cultivars. Also included are a number of wheats of Japanese origin,
obtained from the USDA Small Grains Collection at Aberdeen, Idaho.
Purification and separation of GBSS isoforms, and allelic designations and
"types" (combinations of alleles) were based on the work of Yamamori et al.
(Theor. Appl. Genet. 89: 179-184, 1994). "Wild-type" or functional
alleles, e.g. those producing gene products, are designated "a" or "c".
Null alleles are designated "b". Type 1, with "a" alleles at all three
loci, is by far the most common. However, we did observe a fairly common
occurrence of the "c" allele at the Wx-D1 locus among Nebraska wheats. The
GBSS isoforms encoded by the "a" and "c" alleles at Wx-D1 are not always
easily separated; in some cases, Wx-D1 have been designated "a" or "c".
Additions to the database or comments are welcome; please forward
to Bob Graybosch, USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA, 68583,
agro100@unlvm.unl.edu.
Technical assistance of Kristen Schemmerhorn and Lori Divis is gratefully
acknowledged.
Allele
LINE PI NUMBER Wx-A1 Wx-B1 Wx-D1 Type
-------------------- ----------- ----- ----- ----- ----
CHISHOLM b a a 2
TAM 202 a b a 3
SCOUT66 a a a 1
MADSEN a a c 1
KANTO 107 b b a 7
CARDINAL a a c 1
CALDWELL a a a 1
PIONEER 2548 a a a 1
EH 9406 a a c 1
EH 9410 a a a 1
IL 90-7514 a a c 1
T8121 a a c 1
GA 871339 a a a 1
GA 87436 a a a 1
KY 86C-61-8 a a c 1
FL 302 a a a 1
COKER 9835 a a c 1
PIONEER 2643 a a a 1
TX 9107012 a a a 1
SC 900237 a a a or c 1
AR 26158-4SC 9100031 a a a 1
A90*8435-1 a a a 1
FL 85238-G585 a a a 1
EH 9406 a a c 1
EH 9410 a a a 1
A 92*4413 a a a 1
A 92*4452-BE a a a 1
A 92*4452 a a a 1
L910097 a a a 1
L911107 a a a 1
L920179 a a a 1
M094-317 a a a 1
SC 910031 a a a 1
GA 87467 a a a 1
GA 871339 a a a 1
GA 90078 a a a 1
LA 85422-C13-1-4-2-B a a a 1
LA 8673-B-21-4-1-B b a a 2
LA 85411-D4-5-B a a a 1
TX 91D6999 a a a 1
TX 92D7374 a a a 1
TX 92D7741 a a a 1
VA 94-52-68 a a a 1
VA 94-54-479 a a a 1
VA 94-54-549 a a a 1
KHARKOF a a a 1
TAM107 a a a 1
KS936206 a a a or c 1
OK91P648 a a a 1
OK93P735 a a a 1
OK93 P634 a a a 1
OK92403 a a a 1
TX 91D6913 a a a 1
TX91D6991 a a a 1
TX92V3108 a b a 3
HBIO531-A2 a a a 1
TX93V5919 a b a 3
TX93V5922 a b a 3
TX93V4927 a b a 3
TX92V2519 a a a 1
TXGH12588-105 a a a 1
CO910424 a a a 1
CO910748 a b a 3
KS91H153-2 a a a 1
KS941064-3 a a a 1
KS941064-6 a a a 1
KS940935-7-2-1 a a a 1
KS940935-125-5-2 a a a 1
KS85W663-11-6-MB a a a 1
KS84W063-9-39-3-MB a a a 1
NE90476 a a a 1
NE92458 a a a 1
NE92646 a a a 1
NE93405 a a a 1
NE93427 a a c 1
WX92-0408 a a a 1
W93-460 a a a or c 1
T702 a a a or c 1
T834 a a a 1
T812 a a a 1
T861 a a a 1
T89 a a a 1
G1878 a a a 1
LARNED a a a 1
SOUIXLAND a a a 1
LAMAR a a c 1
ARAPAHOE a a a or c 1
CO910927 a a a 1
CO910239 a a a 1
CO910424 a a a 1
CO910748 a b a 3
NE91648 a a a 1
NE92458 a a a 1
NE92662 a a c 1
NE91631 a a a 1
N92L005 a a a or c 1
N92V112 a a c 1
N94L187 a a c 1
TX88A6558 a a a 1
TX91A346 a a a 1
TX90A9528 a a c 1
TX88V4122 a a a or c 1
TX90A9516 a a a 1
TX91A207 a a c 1
TX91A590 a a a 1
T91 a a a 1
KHEOPS No.3 a a a 1
KHEOPS No.5 a a a 1
KHEOPS No.8 a a a 1
CRL83034 a a c 1
ROUGHRIDER a a c 1
ABILENE a a c 1
SD89153 a a c 1
SD91192 a a c 1
SD92107 a a a 1
SD92124 a a c 1
SD92174 a a a or c 1
SD92191 a a a or c 1
SD92227 a a a or c 1
SD92266 a a a or c 1
ND9257 a a a or c 1
ND9272 a a a or c 1
ND9274 a a a or c 1
NE92628 a a a or c 1
NE92662 a a a or c 1
NE92652 a a a or c 1
NE93554 a a a or c 1
NE93613 a a a or c 1
XNH1798 a a c 1
XNH1800 a a c 1
MT88046 a a a 1
MT592042 a a a 1
ID0467 a a a 1
ID0483 a a a 1
AMP 3J4A7A a a c 1
AMQ 3KC4C7B a a c 1
AMQ 3NQ4A7D a a a 1
AMQ 3KF4B7A a a c 1
RIOBLANCO a b a 3
OROBLANCO a a a 1
ARLIN a a a 1
KS85W663-11-6-MB a a a 1
KS85W663-11-6-42 a a a 1
KS85W663-11-6-79 a a a 1
KS84W063-9-39-3-MB a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-1W a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-2W a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-3W a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-4W a a c 1
KS84063-6-39-3-5W a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-6W a a a 1
KS84063-6-39-3-7W a a a 1
HBKO935W-10 a a a 1
HBKO935W-13 a a a 1
HBKO935W-20 a a a 1
KS90077-2 a a a 1
N84L187 a a a or c 1
N945004 a a a 1
N945007 a a a 1
N945103 a a a 1
N945205 a a a 1
N945444 a a a 1
N945455 a a a 1
N945460 a a a 1
N945463 a a a 1
N945464 a a a 1
N94L467 a a a 1
K94H066 a a a 1
K94H068 a a a 1
K94H100 a a a 1
K94H101 a a a 1
K94H115 a b a 3
K94H363 a a a 1
K94H400 a b a 3
K94H402 a b a 3
K94H421 a a a or c 1
K94H499 a a a or c 1
N955003 a a c 1
N955004 a a c 1
N955005 a a c 1
N955006 a a c 1
N955018 a a a 1
N955026 a a a 1
N955032 a a a 1
N955033 a a a 1
N955034 a a a 1
N955040 a a a 1
N955041 a a a or c 1
N955043 a a a 1
N955044 a a a 1
N955047 a a a 1
N955065 a a a 1
N955073
N955074 a a a 1
N955076 a a a 1
N955077 a a a 1
N955084 a a a 1
N955094 a a a 1
N955104 a a a 1
HAWK a a c 1
WI89-163W a a c 1
WI90-540 a a a 1
W87-12479W a a c 1
W91-103 a a c 1
W92-455 a a c 1
W92-456 a a c 1
W93-335 a b a 3
W93-339 a b a 3
W93-357 a a a 1
W93-481 a a a 1
W93-482 a a a 1
TAM107 a a a 1
ARAPAHOE a a c 1
VISTA a a a or c 1
TOMAHAWK a a a 1
LAREDO b a a 2
KARL92 a a a 1
JAGGER a a a 1
IKE b b a 7
CUSTER b a a 2
KS-8010*72 b a a 2
TAM200 a b a 3
TAM107 a a a 1
TX1405 a b a 3
OK84287 b a a 2
CENTURK '78 a a c 1
REDLAND a a a or c 1
VONA a a c 1
Susono Komugi PI384009 a a a 1
Ushio Komugi PI384010 a a a 1
Kitakami Komugi PI383994 a a a 1
Muka Komugi PI383998 a a a 1
Nichirin Komugi PI383999 a a a 1
Norin 54 PI384000 a a a 1
Norin 73 PI384005 a a a 1
KU 1630 PI499967 a a a 1
KU 1636 PI499968 a a a 1
KU 1668 PI499969 a a a 1
KU 1720 PI499970 a b a 3
KU 1521 PI499963 a b a 3
KU 1527 PI499965 a a a 1
KU 1600 PI499966 a a a 1
Hanagasa Komugi PI427283 a a a 1
Lance PI434643 a b a 3
Danchi Komugi PI360872 a a a 1
Hitsumi Komugi PI383991 a a a 1
Nanbu Komugi PI347737 a a a 1
Shirasagi Komugi PI360870 a a a 1
Aka-daruma PI325843 a a a 1
Fultz-daruma PI325844 a a a 1
Shiro-daruma PI325845 b a a 2
Festiguay PI330957 a b a 3
Hokuei PI337988 a a a 1
Haru-hikari PI342616 a b a 3
Norin 29 PI342617 a a a 1
Norin 4 PI155260 a a a 1
Norin 5 PI155261 b a a 2
Norin 56 PI155273 a a a 1
Saitama 27 PI155279 a a a 1
Shinchunaga PI155280 a a a 1
Asosan PI155257 a a a 1
---- PI245459 a a a 1
K3038 PI245538 a a a 1
K3097 PI245566 a a a 1
K3111 PI245574 a a a 1
K3142 PI245580 a a a 1
K3235 PI245617 a a a 1
K3243 PI245621 a a a 1
Norin 26 PI182560 a a a 1
Sinchunaga PI182561 a a a 1
Norin 9 PI182564 a a a 1
Norin 34 PI182568 a a a 1
Norin 4 PI182569 a a a 1
Norin 36 PI182571 a a a 1
Norin 23 PI182584 a a a 1
Norin 17 PI182587 a a a 1
Norin 8 PI235229 a a a 1
---- PI245386 a a a 1
---- PI245393 a a a 1
---- PI245419 a a a 1
---- PI245432 a a a 1
Norin 40 PI183386 a a a 1
---- PI197110 a a a 1
---- PI197118 a a a 1
Tam 101 a a a 1
TXGH12588 a a a or c 1
Century a a a or c 1
Newton a a a or c 1
Eagle a a a or c 1
Arkan a a a or c 1
Karl a a a or c 1
Cheyenne a a a 1
Centura a a a or c 1
Lancota a a a or c 1
NE83407 a a a or c 1
NE83498 a a a or c 1
NE86L177 a a a or c 1
NE86L022 a a a or c 1
Plainsman V a a a or c 1
Red Chief a a a 1
Cimarron b a a 2
IL90-6364 a a a or c 1
L920740 a a a or c 1
MO92-599 a a a or c 1
T8122 a a a or c 1
OH515 a a a or c 1
VA94-52-25 a a a or c 1
VA93-54-429 a a a or c 1
88288C1-6-1-2 a a a or c 1
86958RC4-2-1-10 a a a or c 1
86982E2-4-6-1-21 a a a or c 1